Effects of High Water-Soluble Mono-Calcium and Di-Calcium Phosphate on Growth Performance, Dietary Digestibility, Serum and Bone Indices of Weaned Piglets
LYU Xiaokang, CHAI Jianmin, WANG Jie, SI Bingwen, CUI Kai, WANG Shiqin, TU Yan, DIAO Qiyu, ZHANG Naifeng
Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract：
This study was conducted to determine the relative biological value (RBV) of mono-calcium and di-calcium phosphate (MDCP) by using dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP) as the reference and taking the growth performance, dietary digestibility, serum and bone indices of weaned piglets as indicators. With a 2×5 factorial arrangement experimental design, four hundred and thirty-two Duroc×Large White×Yorkshire weaned piglets with similar body weight and 4 to 5 weeks of age were randomly allocated into 9 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 piglets in each replicate. The phosphates were added into a basal diet at 5 phosphorus supplemental levels as 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% (0 supplemental group was shared), respectively, and there were 9 treatments in all. The adaptation period lasted for 3 days and the experimental period lasted for 35 days. The results showed as follows:1) no significant interaction was found between phosphorus source and phosphorus supplemental level on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and mortality of piglets (P>0.05). The average daily feed intake of piglets in MDCP group was significantly higher than that in DCP group during 15 to 35 days of experiment (P<0.05). With the increasing of dietary phosphorus levels, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly increased (P<0.05), but the feed conversion rate was not significantly changed (P>0.05). 2) There was no significant interaction between phosphates source and phosphorus supplemental level on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus in piglets (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in MDCP group was significantly higher than that in DCP group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of calcium in 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% phosphorus supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in 0 supplemental group (P<0.05). The RBVs of MDCP calculated by the slope ratio were both 120% regarding the apparent digestibility and true digestibility of phosphorus as indicators and DCP as the reference. 3) At the 14th and 35th day of experiment, the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of piglets were not significantly affected by different phosphorus sources and supplemental levels (P>0.05), and there was no significant interaction either (P>0.05). At the 14th day of experiment, serum contents phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were significantly interacted between different phosphorus source and phosphorus supplemental level (P<0.05), but there was no significant interaction at the 35th day of experiment (P<0.05). At the 14th day of experiment, the serum calcium content in MDCP group was significantly higher than that in DCP group (P<0.05), and the serum calcitonin (CT) content in MDCP group was significantly lower than that in DCP group (P<0.05). At the 14th and 35th day of experiment, the serum CT content showed no significant interaction between different phosphates and different phosphorus supplemental level (P>0.05). There was a significant linear regression relationship between the serum contents of calcium, phosphorus, PTH and phosphorus supplemental level (P<0.05). With regression equations established by using serum contents of calcium, phosphorus and PTH as indicators, the RBVs of MDCP calculated by the slope ratio of regression equation were 96%, 102% and 115% (mean was 104%), respectively. 4) There was no significant difference in the bone fracture strength of femur, tibia and metacarpal of different phosphates and different phosphorus supplemental level (P>0.05) and no significant interaction either (P>0.05). There was a significant linear regression between femur ash content and phosphorus supplemental level (P<0.05). Based on the femur ash content, the RBV of MDCP calculated by the slope ratio of regression equation was 255%. In summary, taking the RBV of reagent grade DCP as 100%, based on apparent digestibility and true digestibility of phosphorus, the RBVs of MDCP are both 120%; and based on the serum indices and femur ash content, the RBVs of MDCP are 104% and 255%, respectively.
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