Effects of Meal Frequency on Growth Performance and Muscle Protein Synthesis in Suckling Piglets
LIU Jingbo1,2, CAO Shanchuan1, YANG Yong1, ZHANG Hongfu2
1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract：The present study was conducted to determine the effects of meal frequency on growth performance, carcass composition and muscular protein synthesis-related genes expression in suckling piglets. Sixteen piglets of a crossbred genotype[Duroc×(Landrace×Large White)] were obtained from 4 litters in 4 successive replicates and grouped into 8 pairs according to sex and body weight. At 4 days of age, piglets within each pair were offered the same amount of feed allowance either in 6 (M6 group, n=8) or 12 (M12 group, n=8) meals per day during a 3-week interventional period. The results showed as follows:1) compared with M12 group, the final body weight and average daily body weight at week 2, week 3 and during the whole trial in M6 group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed/gain at week 2, week 3 and during the whole trial significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with M12 group, the carcass lean percentage and weight of longissimus muscle and semitendinosus muscle in M6 group significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with M12 group, the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1R) in M6 group had an increasing trend (P=0.05); compared with M12 group, the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), mammalian target of rapamcin (mTOR), eukaryotic cells translate initiation factor 4E (EIF4E) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in M6 group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of Ⅱ type B activated receptor (ACVR2B) and type Ⅰ activated kinase receptor (ALK5) in M6 group significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with M12 group, the mRNA expression of myostatin (MSTN) in M6 group had no significant change (P>0.05). Collectively, reduced meal frequency results in accelerated carcass lean deposition and muscle hypotrophy, which may be mediated by activated IGF1-IGF1R-mTOR pathway and down-regulated expression of MSTN receptors.
刘静波, 曹山川, 杨勇, 张宏福. 饲喂频率对哺乳仔猪生长性能和骨骼肌蛋白质合成的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(7): 3049-3057.
LIU Jingbo, CAO Shanchuan, YANG Yong, ZHANG Hongfu. Effects of Meal Frequency on Growth Performance and Muscle Protein Synthesis in Suckling Piglets. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(7): 3049-3057.
PUCHE J E,CASTILLA-CORTÁZAR I.Human conditions of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) deficiency[J].Journal of Translational Medicine,2012,10:224.
[4]
HU L,HAN F,CHEN L,et al.High nutrient intake during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fiber growth and maturity in intrauterine growth-restricted pigs[J].Genes & Nutrition,2018,13:23.
[14]
HE Q H,REN P P,KONG X F,et al.Intrauterine growth restriction alters the metabonome of the serum and jejunum in piglets[J].Molecular Biosystems,2011,7(7):2147-2155.
[11]
MA X M,BLENIS J.Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2009,10(5):307-318.
[18]
EL-KADI S W,SURYAWAN A,GAZZANEO M C,et al.Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates[J].American Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and Metabolism,2012,302(6):E674-E686.
[20]
NEWMAN R E,DOWNING J A,THOMSON P C,et al.Insulin secretion,body composition and pig performance are altered by feeding pattern[J].Animal Production Science,2014,54(3):319-328.
[23]
ELLIOTT B,RENSHAW D,GETTING S,et al.The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis[J].Acta Physiologica,2012,205(3):324-340.
[1]
FOXCROFT G R.Reproduction in farm animals in an era of rapid genetic change:will genetic change outpace our knowledge of physiology[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2012,47(Suppl.4):313-319.
[3]
SCHMITT O,O'DRISCOLL K,BOYLE L A,et al.Artificial rearing affects piglets pre-weaning behaviour,welfare and growth performance[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2019,210:16-25.
[5]
CHE L,XUAN Y,HU L,et al.Effect of postnatal nutrition restriction on the oxidative status of neonates with intrauterine growth restriction in a pig model[J].Neonatology,2015,107(2):93-99.
[8]
LIU J B,CAI X,XIONG H,et al.Effects of feeding frequency on meat quality traits and Longissimus muscle proteome in finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(6):1175-1184.
[16]
AKINTORIN S M,KAMAT M,PILDES R S,et al.A prospective randomized trial of feeding methods in very low birth weight infants[J].Pediatrics,1997,100(4):E4.
[10]
EL-KADI S W,GAZZANEO M C,SURYAWAN A,et al.Viscera and muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs is increased more by intermittent bolus than by continuous feeding[J].Pediatric Research,2013,74(2):154-162.
[12]
HAN H Q,MITCH W E.Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle wasting diseases[J].Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care,2011,5(4):334-341.
[15]
REHFELDT C,STABENOW B,PFUHL R,et al.Effects of limited and excess protein intakes of pregnant gilts on carcass quality and cellular properties of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in fattening pigs'[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(1):184-196.
[17]
SCHANLER R J,SHULMAN R J,LAU C,et al.Feeding strategies for premature infants:randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method[J].Pediatrics,1999,103(2):434-439.
[19]
GAZZANEO M.Differential regulation of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs after a meal[J].Pediatric Research,2011,70(3):253-260.
[2]
ZETZSCHE A,PIEPER R,ZENTEK J.Influence of formula versus sow milk feeding on trace element status and expression of zinc-related genes in the jejunum,liver and pancreas of neonatal piglets[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2015,69(5):366-377.
[6]
EL-KADI S W,BOUTRY C,SURYAWAN A,et al.Intermittent bolus feeding promotes greater lean growth than continuous feeding in a neonatal piglet model[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2018,108(4):830-841.
[9]
CHEN Y,MCCAULEY S R,JOHNSON S E,et al.Downregulated translation initiation signaling predisposes low-birth-weight neonatal pigs to slower rates of muscle protein synthesis[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2017,8:482.
[22]
YAKAR S,LIU J L,STANNARD B,et al.Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(13):7324-7329.
[7]
DAVIS T A,FIOROTTO M L,SURYAWAN A.Bolus vs.continuous feeding to optimize anabolism in neonates[J].Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,2015,18(1):102-108.
[13]
LAPLANTE M,SABATINI D M.mTOR signaling in growth control and disease[J].Cell,2012,149(2):274-293.
