饲料中添加牛磺酸对不同养殖密度下青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗胁迫能力的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.025

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摘要本试验旨在研究不同养殖密度下牛磺酸对青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗胁迫能力的影响。以初重为（2.50±0.02）g的青鱼幼鱼为研究对象，采用双因素试验设计（牛磺酸添加量×养殖密度），设置2个牛磺酸添加量[0（不添加）、0.10%（添加）]和3个养殖密度[50（低密度）、100（中密度）、200尾/网箱（高密度）]，共形成6个处理，每个处理3个重复，在水库网箱（1.5 m×1.5 m×1.5 m）中养殖，养殖试验持续16周，分别在第8、16周采样。结果显示：同一牛磺酸添加量下，青鱼幼鱼的增重率（WGR）随着养殖密度的升高呈下降趋势，饲料系数（FCR）的变化趋势则与其相反，在第16周时，牛磺酸添加量为0时高密度组的FCR显著低于低、中密度组（P<0.05）。在同一养殖密度下，饲料中添加牛磺酸可提高青鱼的WGR，降低FCR，且能显著提高第16周时高密度组的WGR和血清中生长激素（GH）含量以及显著降低FCR（P<0.05），但牛磺酸和养殖密度对青鱼幼鱼WGR和血清中GH含量无显著的交互作用（P>0.05）。在第8周时，随着养殖密度的升高，血清中免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量有下降的趋势，丙二醛（MDA）含量有上升的趋势；在同一养殖密度下，饲料中添加牛磺酸可提高第16周时血清中IgM含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性；在第8周时，牛磺酸和养殖密度对血清中溶菌酶（LSZ）活性有显著的交互作用（P<0.05）。在第8周时，饲料中添加牛磺酸可显著降低高密度组血清中皮质醇（COR）的含量（P<0.05）；在第16周时，牛磺酸添加量为0时中密度组血清中甘油三酯（TG）含量显著低于低密度组（P<0.05），牛磺酸添加量为0.10%时中、低密度组血清中TG含量显著低于高密度组（P<0.05）。饲料中添加牛磺酸可不同程度提高各密度组血清中COR含量，且低密度组血清中COR含量显著提高（P<0.05）。牛磺酸和养殖密度对血清中TG含量有显著的交互作用（P<0.05）。综上所述，在本试验条件下，养殖密度在100尾/网箱时最适合青鱼幼鱼生长，养殖密度升高到200尾/网箱时会使青鱼幼鱼生长减慢，免疫力下降，抗氧化能力降低；饲料中添加0.10%牛磺酸能够提高青鱼幼鱼的生长性能和免疫力，且在养殖密度为200尾/网箱时效果最好，并有利于缓解前期高密度养殖引起的慢性胁迫反应。

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	周建成

关键词 ：青鱼, 牛磺酸, 养殖密度, 生长, 免疫, 应激

Abstract：This experiment was conducted to study the effects of taurine on the growth, immunity and resistance ability of juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) under different stocking densities. The juvenile black carp with the initial weight of (2.50±0.02) g were used as the research object, and the two-factor experimental design (taurine supplementation×culture density) was adopted. The taurine supplementation was set to 0 (no adding) and 0.10% (adding), and the stocking density was set to 50 (low-density), 100 (medium-density) and 200 fish/cage (high-density), respectively. A total of 6 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment, were cultured in a reservoir cage (1.5 m×1.5 m×1.5 m), and the culture experiment lasted for 16 weeks, sampling at weeks 8 and 16, respectively. The results showed that under the same taurine supplementation, the weight gain rate (WGR) of juvenile black carp had a decreasing trend with the increase of stocking density, and the change trend of feed conversion ratio (FCR) was opposite. The FCR in the high-density group was significantly decreased compared with low-and medium-density groups when taurine supplementation was 0 at week 16 (P<0.05). At the same stocking density, added taurine to the diet could increase the WGR and reduce the FCR, and could significantly increase the WGR and serum growth hormone (GH) content and significantly decrease the FCR in the high-density group at week 16 (P<0.05), but the taurine and the stocking density had no significant interactions on WGR and serum GH content of juvenile black carp (P>0.05). With the increase of stocking density, serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) content tended to decrease, malondialdehyde (MDA) content tended to increase at week 8. At the same stocking density, added taurine to the diet could increase the serum IgM content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at week 16. The taurine and the stocking density had a significant interaction on serum lysozyme (LSZ) activity at week 8 (P<0.05). At week 8, added taurine to the diet could decrease serum cortisol (COR) content in the high-density group (P<0.05); at week 16, the serum triglycerides (TG) content was significantly lower than that in the low-density group when taurine supplementation was 0 (P<0.05), and the serum TG content in the low-and medium-density groups was significantly lower than that in the high-density group when taurine supplementation was 0.10% (P<0.05). Added taurine to the diet could increase the serum COR content in different degrees of each density group, and the serum COR content in the low-density group was significantly increased (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between taurine and stocking density on serum TG content (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the stocking density of 100 fish/cage is suitable to grow up for juvenile black carp, when the stocking density increases to 200 fish/cage, the growth of juvenile black carp would be slowed down, and the immunity and antioxidant capacity of juvenile black carp would be reduced. However, the supplementation of 0.10% taurine can improve the growth performance and immunity of juvenile black carp and the effect is the best when the stocking density is 200 fish/cage, and it is beneficial to alleviate the chronic stress response caused by early high-density breeding.

Key words： black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) taurine stocking density growth immunity stress

收稿日期: 2019-02-28

PACS:

S963

基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目（31572626）；湖南省重点研发项目（2017NK2302）；湖南省科技重大专项（2017NK1030）；农业部淡水渔业与种质资源利用重点实验室开放基金（FK201504）

通讯作者: 胡毅,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:huyi740322@163.com;钟蕾,副教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:zhonglei-5@163.com E-mail: huyi740322@163.com;zhonglei-5@163.com

作者简介: 石勇(1995-),男,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:1186472943@qq.com

引用本文:

石勇, 胡毅, 田芊芊, 刘艳莉, 钟蕾, 谢骏, 周建成. 饲料中添加牛磺酸对不同养殖密度下青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗胁迫能力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(9): 4131-4143.
SHI Yong, HU Yi, TIAN Qianqian, LIU Yanli, ZHONG Lei, XIE Jun, ZHOU Jiancheng. Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Growth, Immunity and Resistance Ability of Juvenile Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) under Different Stocking Densities. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(9): 4131-4143.

链接本文:

http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.09.025 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I9/4131

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