Abstract：Itaconic acid is one of the basic chemicals for the polymer industry, which can be produced using microbes on the basis of renewable raw materials. Until recently, itaconic acid biosynthesis has just been found in mammalian cells, in which itaconic acid is produced by the decarboxylation of cis-aconictic acid, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate, by cis-aconictic acid decarboxylase (CAD)/immune-responsive gene 1 protein (IRG1). Itaconic acid has inhibitory effects on phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). In addition, itaconic acid also plays important roles in anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral and nutrition regulation activities, attracting more attention from researchers for its biological functions. The present review summarizes the research process of biological functions of itaconic acid.
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