ZHANG Juan1, LI Lang1, LIU Guangmang1, WANG Jianping1, LIN Yan1, BAI Shiping1, ZHANG Keying1, ZHANG Junmin2, ZHAO Qingyu2, WU Caimei1
1. Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
2. Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary cadmium on performance, egg quality, antioxidant, plasma biochemical indicators and histopathology of laying hens. A total of 150 (40-week-old) healthy Lohmann pink-shell laying hens at the peak of egg production were randomly divided into 5 groups, 3 replicates in each group, 10 chickens per replicate: control group fed a basal diet, experimental groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 10, 30, 50 and 70 mg/kg cadmium (CdCl2·2.5H2O). The period of the experiment was 8 weeks, which included a pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) and a post-test period (5 to 8 weeks). The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, in the whole period of the test, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) in 10 mg/kg group enhanced, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), and reduced with the increase of cadmium supplemental level in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups, the ADFI in 70 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); the ADFI in post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the laying rate decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level, and there was no significant difference between the 10 and 30 mg/kg groups (P>0.05), and that in the 50 and 70 mg/kg groups had a significant decrease in the whole period of the test (P<0.05). 2) In the whole period of the test, compared with the control group, the shell intensity and albumin height in the 10 mg/kg group increased (P>0.05), the shell intensity significantly decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05) and the albumin height had a decreasing tendency in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups (P>0.05). The huff unit in the post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). 3) The glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the liver, kidney and ovary decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), T-SOD and GSH content in oviduct in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), furthermore, the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than the 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in ovaries in the 10 mg/kg group significantly decreased (P>0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the content of triglyceride (TG) in plasma in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). The plasma albumin (ALB) content decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P>0.05). The plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activity in the 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the liver, kidney and oviduct in the four treatment groups adding cadmium had different pathological changes. The pathological score in 50 mg/kg 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 10 to 30 mg/kg groups (P<0.05). Therefore, under the conditions of the present experiment, 10 mg/kg dietary cadmium can enhance feed intake, eggshell and albumin quality, and alleviate oxidative stress of oviduct, however, it can cause pathological changes in the liver, kidney and oviduct to a certain extent, causing oxidative stress in the liver and changes in blood biochemical indexes. The 30 to 70 mg/kg cadmium reduce feed intake, egg production rate and egg quality, and resulting in oxidative stress and changes in blood biochemical indexes and pathological changes in liver, kidney and oviduct.
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