ZHANG Juan1, LI Lang1, LIU Guangmang1, WANG Jianping1, LIN Yan1, BAI Shiping1, ZHANG Keying1, ZHANG Junmin2, ZHAO Qingyu2, WU Caimei1
1. Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
2. Institute of Animal Sciences of CAAS, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract：This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary cadmium on performance, egg quality, antioxidant, plasma biochemical indicators and histopathology of laying hens. A total of 150 (40-week-old) healthy Lohmann pink-shell laying hens at the peak of egg production were randomly divided into 5 groups, 3 replicates in each group, 10 chickens per replicate: control group fed a basal diet, experimental groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 10, 30, 50 and 70 mg/kg cadmium (CdCl2·2.5H2O). The period of the experiment was 8 weeks, which included a pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) and a post-test period (5 to 8 weeks). The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, in the whole period of the test, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) in 10 mg/kg group enhanced, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), and reduced with the increase of cadmium supplemental level in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups, the ADFI in 70 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); the ADFI in post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the laying rate decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level, and there was no significant difference between the 10 and 30 mg/kg groups (P>0.05), and that in the 50 and 70 mg/kg groups had a significant decrease in the whole period of the test (P<0.05). 2) In the whole period of the test, compared with the control group, the shell intensity and albumin height in the 10 mg/kg group increased (P>0.05), the shell intensity significantly decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05) and the albumin height had a decreasing tendency in the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups (P>0.05). The huff unit in the post-test period (5 to 8 weeks) was significantly lower than that in pre-test period (1 to 4 weeks) (P<0.05). 3) The glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the liver, kidney and ovary decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), T-SOD and GSH content in oviduct in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), furthermore, the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups was significantly lower than the 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in ovaries in the 10 mg/kg group significantly decreased (P>0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than 10 mg/kg group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the content of triglyceride (TG) in plasma in the 10 mg/kg group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the 30 to 70 mg/kg groups decreased with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P<0.05). The plasma albumin (ALB) content decreased linearly with the increase of cadmium supplemental level (P>0.05). The plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activity in the 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the liver, kidney and oviduct in the four treatment groups adding cadmium had different pathological changes. The pathological score in 50 mg/kg 70 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 10 to 30 mg/kg groups (P<0.05). Therefore, under the conditions of the present experiment, 10 mg/kg dietary cadmium can enhance feed intake, eggshell and albumin quality, and alleviate oxidative stress of oviduct, however, it can cause pathological changes in the liver, kidney and oviduct to a certain extent, causing oxidative stress in the liver and changes in blood biochemical indexes. The 30 to 70 mg/kg cadmium reduce feed intake, egg production rate and egg quality, and resulting in oxidative stress and changes in blood biochemical indexes and pathological changes in liver, kidney and oviduct.
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