Effects of Dietary γ-Aminobutyric Acid Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Anti-Nitrite-Nitrogen Stress Ability of Litopenaeus vannamei
ZHAO Hongxia1,2,3, CHEN Xiaoying1,2,3, WANG Guoxia1,2,3, PENG Kai1,2,3, HUANG Yanhua1,2,3, CHEN Bing1,2,3, CAO Junming1,2,3
1. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China;
3. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
Abstract：This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplemental level on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and anti-nitrite-nitrogen stress ability of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of GABA (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg of diet), by adding GABA. Nine hundred and sixty Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp with an initial average body weight of (0.68±0.02) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates of 40 shrimp each and each group was fed with one of the diets. After 56 d feeding, shrimp were exposed to nitrite-nitrogen for 120 h. The results showed as follows:1) the weight gain rate (WGR) and feed intake (FI) of shrimp fed diet with 50 to 250 mg/kg GABA were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed diet without GABA (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the no-adding group, diet with 100 and 150 mg/kg GABA significantly increased the contents of serum total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) (P<0.05). 3) The serum lysozyme (LYZ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in 100 and 150 mg/kg GABA groups were significantly higher than those in no-adding group (P<0.05). 4) After 120 h challenge to nitrite-nitrogen stress, the cumulative mortality rate in 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg GABA groups was significantly lower than that in no-adding group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplemented with GABA can improve the FI, WGR and anti-nitrite-nitrogen stress ability of Litopenaeus vannamei. Using WGR as the evaluation index, the optimal dietary GABA supplemental level is estimated to be 154.79 mg/kg of diet by quadratic regression analysis.
SAOUD I P,DAVIS D A,ROUSE D B.Suitability studies of inland well waters for Litopenaeus vannamei culture[J].Aquaculture,2003,217(1/2/3/4):373-383.
[3]
SHEN M,CUI Y T,WANG R J,et al.Acute response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to high-salinity reductions in osmosis-,metabolism-,and immune-related enzyme activities[J].Aquaculture International,2020,28(1):31-39.
[5]
JAMI M J,KENARI A A,PAKNEJAD H,et al.Effects of dietary β-glucan,mannan oligosaccharide,Lactobacillus plantarum and their combinations on growth performance,immunity and immune related gene expression of Caspian trout,Salmo trutta caspius (Kessler,1877)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2019,91:202-208.
WANG D M,WANG C,LIU H Y,et al.Effects of rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid on feed intake,lactation performance,and antioxidative status in early lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):3222-3227.
LI T Y,LI E C,SUO Y T,et al.Energy metabolism and metabolomics response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to sulfide toxicity[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2017,183:28-37.
SHELP B,JBOWN A,MCLEAN M D.Metabolism and functions of γ-aminobutyric acid[J].Trends in Plant Science,1999,4(11):446-452.
[9]
ZHANG M,ZOU X T,LI H,et al.Effect of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid on laying performance,egg quality,immune activity and endocrine hormone in heat-stressed Roman hens[J].Animal Science Journal,2012,83(2):141-147.
[16]
ZHAO H X,CAO J M,WANG A L,et al.Effect of long-term administration of dietary β-1,3-glucan on growth,physiological,and immune responses in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone,1931)[J].Aquaculture International,2012,20(1):145-158.
[26]
PERAZZOLO L M,GARGIONI R,OGLIARI P,et al.Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis submitted to environmental and physiological stress[J].Aquaculture,2002,214(1/2/3/4):19-33.
SILVA M J D S,DA COSTA F F B,LEME F P,et al.Biological responses of neotropical freshwater fish Lophiosilurus alexandri exposed to ammonia and nitrite[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617:566-1575.
[35]
POHLENZ C,BUENTELLO A,MWANGI W,et al.Arginine and glutamine supplementation to culture media improves the performance of various channel catfish immune cells[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(5):762-768.
[36]
NIU J,XIE S W,FANG H H,et al.Dietary values of macroalgae Porphyra haitanensis in Litopenaeus vannamei under normal rearing and WSSV challenge conditions:effect on growth,immune response and intestinal microbiota[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2018,81:135-149.
[2]
FAO.Fishery and aquaculture statistics[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2018.
DE MELLO M M M,DE FARIA C D F P,ZANUZZO F S,et al.β-glucan modulates cortisol levels in stressed pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) inoculated with heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2019,93:1076-1083.
[10]
AL WAKEEL R A,SHUKRY M,ABDEL A A,et al.Alleviation by gamma amino butyric acid supplementation of chronic heat stress-induced degenerative changes in jejunum in commercial broiler chickens[J].Stress,2017,20(6):562-572.
AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].17th ed.Washington,D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc.,2003.
[24]
LI J T,LI W T,ZHANG X M.Effects of dissolved oxygen,starvation,temperature,and salinity on the locomotive ability of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis[J].Ethology Ecology & Evolution,2019,31(2):155-172.
[30]
SUN S M,GE X P,XUAN F J,et al.Nitrite-induced hepatotoxicity in bluntsnout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala):the mechanistic insight from transcriptome to physiology analysis[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2014,37(1):55-65.
[34]
TRENZADO C E,MORALES A E,PALMA J M,et al.Blood antioxidant defenses and hematological adjustments in crowded/uncrowded rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed on diets with different levels of antioxidant vitamins and HUFA[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology,2009,149(3):440-447.
