母乳是人类及所有哺乳动物生命最初阶段的唯一食物，乳蛋白质是乳中最重要的营养物质。近年来随着蛋白质组学技术的发展及其在乳蛋白质研究中的应用，人类对乳蛋白质的组成、分泌调控及其中的过敏蛋白原等的认识越来越深入。本文对蛋白质组学在乳蛋白质的全面鉴定、乳蛋白质分泌调控以及乳中过敏原分析鉴定方面的研究策略和进展进行综述，以提高人类对乳蛋白质组相关生物学过程的认识。

Breast milk is of great importance to the neonatal animals as a unique source of food. Proteins are the most critical nutrients in milk. Knowledge of this complex protein system has evolved incrementally in recent years with the application of proteomics and associated technologies. In this article we review the progress of milk proteomics in the comprehensive identification of milk composition including main whey proteins and milk fat globule proteins, regulation of lactation and characterization of allergens in milk.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2009，21（6）:809-815］