本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对产浆期蜜蜂咽下腺发育及产浆量的影响。选择35群群势、蜂王年龄和质量一致的意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica），随机分为7组，每组5群，每群为1个重复。对照组饲喂油菜花粉，试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为15%、20%、25%、30%、35%及40%的试验饲粮。试验测定各群采食量、工蜂咽下腺蛋白质含量、腺小囊面积、蜂王浆产量（产浆量）及王台接受率。结果表明，饲粮蛋白质水平对蜜蜂采食量、产浆量及工蜂咽下腺发育均具有显著影响（P<0.05），且有很强的规律性，即随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高，各指标呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势，并以饲粮蛋白质水平为30%时，蜂群采食量、工蜂咽下腺小囊面积最大，咽下腺蛋白质含量、产浆量、王台接受率最高。由此得出，饲粮蛋白质水平达到30%时，工蜂咽下腺发育最好，且能够获得最好的生产性能。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on hypopharyngeal gland development and royal jelly production of honeybees in production stage. Thirty-five Apis mellifera L. colonies with equal size, queen quality and age were randomly divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 1 colony in each replicate. Bees in control group were fed rape pollen, and the others in experimental groups were fed diets containing 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% protein, respectively. These indices were observed such as feed intake of honeybees, protein content and acini area of hypopharyngeal gland, production of royal jelly and acceptance rates of queen cells in worker honeybees. The results showed that protein levels significantly affected feed intake, hypopharyngeal gland development and royal jelly production (P<0.05). All indexes increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of dietary protein level, and the maximum value was gotten at 30% dietary protein level. In conclusion, the 30% dietary protein level had the best effects on the development of hypopharyngeal gland and royal jelly production.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（7）：1147 -1152］
［1］曾志将.养蜂学[M].北京：中国农业出版社，2003:7-14.
[2]ABD EL-WAHAB T E, GOMAA A M. Application of yeast culture (Candida tropicalis) as pollen substitute in feeding honey bee[J]. Journal of Applied Science Research, 2005, 1(5):386-390.
[3]ABBAS T, HASNAIN A, ALI R, et al. Black gram as a pollen substitute for honey bees[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1995, 54:357-359.
[4]周冰峰.蜜蜂饲养管理学[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2002：100-101.
[5]张含,曾志将,颜伟玉,等.幼虫信息素中三种酯类对中华蜜蜂工蜂发育和采集行为的影响[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(1):55-60.
[6]SAGILI R R, PANKIW T, ZHU-SALZMAN K. Effects of soybean trypsin inhibitor on hypopharyngeal gland protein content, total midgut protease activity and survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2005, 51(9):953-957.
[7]李德发.中国饲料大全[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2001：127-129.
[8]娄玉杰.实用动物饲养学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社，2002：39-42.
[9]DEGRANDI-HOFFMAN G, CHEN Y P, HUANG E, et al. The effect of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus load in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2010, 56(9):1184-1191.
[10]PETERS L, ZHU-SALZMAN K, PANKIW T. Effect of primer pheromones and pollen diet on the food producing glands of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) [J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2010, 56(2):132-137.
[11]MOURO G F, TOLEDO V A A. Evaluation of Apis mellifera Carniola and Africanized honey bees in royal jelly production[J]. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2004, 47(3):469-476.
[12]KUMOVA U, KORKMAZ A, BERKIN O, et al. An investigation about the effects of various factors on royal jelly production in different honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) genotypes[J]. Mellifera, 2005, 5(9):56-64.
[13]SAHINLER N, KAFTANOGLU O. The effects of season and honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) genotype on acceptance rates and royal jelly production[J]. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 2005, 29(2):499-503.
[14]李蕊,陈强,程尚,等.产浆周期与王浆采收量变化的研究[J].蜜蜂杂志,2009(7):13-15.
[15]王改英,康明江,杨维仁,等.蜜蜂人工饲料对蜂王浆产量及品质的影响[J].蜜蜂杂志,2010(2):6-8.
[16]PERLIN T A. Nutritional value of soybean meal, honey, milky meal and sugar at beehives (Apis mellifera) in the production of royal jelly[J]. Ciência Rural, 1999, 29(2):345-347.
[17]罗建能,沈生初,金汤东.蜜蜂蛋白质饲料对工蜂初生重和蜂王浆生产的影响研究[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2009(5):5-6.
京公网安备 11010802041926号