本研究旨在探讨热应激建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)饲料中吡啶甲酸铬的适宜添加量。试验选取初始均重为（32.88±0.17) g的建鲤360尾，随机分为6组(每组4个重复，每个重复15尾鱼)，分别投喂在基础饲料中添加不同水平吡啶甲酸铬的试验饲料，各组饲料Cr3+理论添加量分别为0、300、600、900、1 200和1 500 μg/kg。试验在室内可控温循环流水养殖系统中进行，驯化期10 d (26 ℃)，正试期60 d（“常温—高温—常温”应激模式：20 d，26 ℃；20 d，31 ℃；20 d，26 ℃）。结果表明：1）饲料中添加600和900 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬（以Cr3+计，下同）可显著提高建鲤的增重率和蛋白质效率，降低饲料系数（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，当添加量达到1 500 μg/kg时，增重率下降3.4%（P＞0.05）。随着饲料中吡啶甲酸铬添加量的升高，建鲤肝体比呈上升趋势，900、1 200和1 500 μg/kg添加组肝体比显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。2）饲料中吡啶甲酸铬的添加量对建鲤肌肉粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量的影响不显著（P＞0.05），对肝胰脏粗脂肪含量也无显著影响（P＞0.05），但300和600 μg/kg添加组肌肉和肝胰脏粗蛋白质含量较对照组显著升高（P＜0.05）。3）饲料中添加600 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高建鲤血清中白蛋白含量（P＜0.05），添加1 500 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬可显著降低血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量（P＜0.05），添加600、900、1 200和1 500 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬可显著降低血清中胆固醇含量（P＜0.05），添加900、1 200、1 500 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬可显著降低血清中甘油三酯含量（P＜0.05）。综上所述，在饲料中添加600 μg/kg吡啶甲酸铬（饲料中Cr3+实际含量为912.94 μg/kg）有较好的抗热应激效果，可促进热应激建鲤生长并提高其肌肉粗蛋白质含量。
This research was conducted to investigate the optimal supplemental level of chromium picolinate for heat-stressed Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 360 Jian carp with average initial weight of (32.88±0.17) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 15 fish per replicate. Fish in the 6 groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with different levels of chromium picolinate, and the theoretical supplementation levels of Cr3+ in the 6 experimental diets were 0, 300, 600, 900, 1 200 and 1 500 μg/kg, respectively. The experiment was carried out in indoor facilities with water recycling system which has a temperature control unit. The acclimatization period lasted for 10 d (26 ℃) and the trial period lasted for 60 d (‘normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature’ stress model: 20 d, 26 ℃; 20 d, 31 ℃; 20 d, 26 ℃). The results showed as follows: 1) supplementation of 600 and 900 μg/kg chromium picolinate (calculated as Cr3+, the same as below) in diet could significantly increase weight gain and protein efficiency, and decrease feed conversion for Jian carp (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, weight gain rate of fish fed diets supplemented with 1 500 μg/kg chromium picolinate decreased by 3.4% (P＞0.05). With the increase of chromium picolinate supplementation, the hepatosomatic index of Jian carp was increased, and had a significantly (P＜0.05) higher when fish fed the diets supplemented with 900, 1 200 and 1 500 μg/kg chromium picolinate. 2) The contents of ether extract, ash and moisture in muscle and hepatopancreas ether extract were not significantly affected by chromium picolinate supplementation (P＞0.05), while the crude protein content in muscle and hepatopancreas in 300 and 600 μg/kg supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). 3) Supplementation of 600 μg/kg chromium picolinate could significantly increase the serum albumin content (P＜0.05), while 1 500 μg/kg chromium picolinate could significantly decrease the contents of serum albumin and total protein (P＜0.05), 600, 900, 1 200 and 1 500 μg/kg chromium picolinate could significantly decrease the serum cholesterol content (P＜0.05), and 900, 1 200 and 1 500 μg/kg chromium picolinate could significantly decrease the serum triacyglycerol content (P＜0.05). It is concluded that the supplementation of 600 μg/kg chromium picolinate (measured value of Cr3+ is 912.94 μg/kg diet) has a better anti-heat stress effect, which can improve growth and increase muscle protein content of heat stressed Jian carp. ［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（7）：1209 -1216］
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