本试验旨在研究低温环境（1~7 ℃）下维生素E水平对初产蛋鸭性激素分泌和抗氧化指标的影响。试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（含维生素E 7.9 IU/kg），分别添加17.1（对照组）、57.1、92.1、142.1、192.1、242.1 IU/kg维生素E，组成6种试验饲粮。选取18周龄、平均体重（1.68±0.01） kg的初产金定蛋鸭216只，随机分为6个处理（每个处理6个重复，每个重复6只试鸭），分别饲喂1种试验饲粮。结果表明：饲粮添加142.1、192.1 IU/kg维生素E可显著促进促卵泡激素的分泌（P<0.05）。饲粮添加57.1~192.1 IU/kg维生素E可显著促进促黄体素、雌二醇的分泌（P<0.05），且添加量为142.1 IU/kg时含量最高。血清孕酮含量在维生素E添加水平为57.1、92.1、192.1、242.1 IU/kg时均得到显著提高（P<0.05），而142.1 IU/kg添加水平对其无显著影响（P>0.05）。饲粮维生素E添加水平对血清皮质醇含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。饲粮添加142.1、192.1 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和血清超氧化物歧化酶的活性（P<0.05），其中142.1 IU/kg组还可显著地提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶的活性（P<0.05）。饲粮添加57.1~192.1 IU/kg维生素E可显著降低血清和肝脏丙二醛的含量（P<0.05），且添加量为142.1 IU/kg时含量最低。饲粮维生素E添加水平对血清及肝脏总抗氧化能力及过氧化氢酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。由此得出，玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加142.1 IU/kg维生素E可促进初产蛋鸭促卵泡激素、促黄体素和雌二醇的分泌，提高机体抗氧化能力。
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of vitamin E levels on sex hormone secretion and antioxidant indices of primiparous laying ducks at low ambient temperatures (1~7 ℃). A total of 216 (18 weeks of age) Jinding laying ducks with average weight of (1.68±0.01) kg were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates, and each replicate comprised 6 ducks. The ducks in the 6 treatments were fed corn-soybean basal diets (vitamin E content was 7.9 IU/kg) supplemented with 17.1 (control group), 57.1, 92.1, 142.1, 192.1 and 242.1 IU/kg vitamin E, respectively. The results showed as follows: the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly enhanced when supplemented with 142.1 and 192.1 IU/kg vitamin E in diets (P<0.05). The secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were significantly enhanced when supplemental levels of vitamin E in diets were from 57.1 to 192.1 IU/kg (P<0.05), and the highest content was found in the group with the diet containing 142.1 IU/kg vitamin E. Compared with the control group, the serum progesterone (P4) content in all groups was significantly increased except the group with the diet supplemented with 142.1 IU/kg vitamin E (P<0.05). No significant effect of vitamin E on serum cortisol (Cort) content was found among all groups (P>0.05). The activities of liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) had significantly increased when supplemented with 142.1 and 192.1 IU/kg vitamin E in diets (P<0.05), and the liver SOD activity in the group with the diet supplemented with 142.1 IU/kg vitamin E was also significantly increased (P<0.05). The supplementation of 57.1, 92.1, 142.1, 192.1 and 242.1 IU/kg vitamin E in diets could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and liver (P<0.05), and the lowest content of MDA was found in the group with the diet containing 142.1 IU/kg vitamin E . The T-AOC and CAT activity in serum and liver were not significantly affected by vitamin E supplemental levels (P>0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of 142.1 IU/kg vitamin E in corn-soybean diet can enhance the secretion of FSH, LH and E2, and improve the antioxidant ability of primiparous laying ducks.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23（10）：1703 -1709］
［1］任涛，辛朝安．寒冷应激对鸡的影响（上）[J]．养禽与禽病防治，1997，2：32-33。
[2]赵健蓉，李如治，夏东．蛋鸡的冷热应激[J]．上海畜牧兽医通讯，1998，2：21-23．
[3]宋树豪，王安，芦燕，等．低温和VC对笼养育成蛋鸭生产性能及性成熟的影响[J]．东北农业大学学报，2009，40(3)：70-74．
[4]SAKKAS D，MOFFATT O，MANICARDI G C，et al. Nature of DNA damage in ejaculated human spermatozoa and the possible involvement of apoptosis[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2002, 66(4):1061-1067.
[5]JISHAGE K，TACHIBE T，ITO T, et al. Vitamin E is essential for mouse placentation but not for embryonic development itself[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2005, 73:983-987.
[6]何兰花．维生素E与母牛繁殖[J]．黄牛杂志，2003，29(5)：40-42．
[7]马兆臣．维生素E和硒对皖西白鹅繁殖性能和生殖免疫的影响[D]．硕士学位论文．合肥：安徽农业大学，2008：27-30．
[8]周敏．维生素E对樱桃谷鸭产肝性能及血液理化指标的影响[D]．硕士学位论文．南宁：广西大学，2005:43．
[9]王士长，周敏，李爱友，等．饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素E对填肥鸭血液理化指标的影响[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2009，7:38-39．
[10]武江利，任延铭，王安，等．维生素E添加水平对笼养生长蛋鸭血清生化指标的影响[J]．东北农业大学学报，2009，40(2)：70-74．
[11]李小林，傅伟龙．维生素E对肉鸡应激前后免疫及内分泌的影响[J]．中国饲料，1996，5:35-37．
[12]潘洪志，石刚，陈文华，等．番茄红素对大鼠体内抗氧化系统功能的影响[J]．卫生研究，2003，32(5)：441-442．
[13]SHUSTANOVA T A, BONDARENKO T I, MILIUTINA N P. Free radical mechanism of the cold stress development in rats[J]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova, 2004, 90(1):73-82.
[14]MOURENTE G, DIAZ-SALVAGO E, BELL J G, et al. Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidized oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E[J]. Aquaculture, 2002, 214:343-361.
[15]刘伟，张桂兰，陈海燕．饲料添加氧化油脂对鲤体内脂质过氧化及血液指标的影响[J]．中国水产科学，1997，4(1)：94-96．
[16]元娜，臧素敏，张志刚，等．叶黄素和VE对蛋鸡抗氧化能力的影响[J]．畜牧与兽医，2009，41(5)：62-65．
[17]张伟，李福昌．日粮中不同维生素E添加水平对新西兰兔生长性能、维生素沉积及抗氧化能力的影响[J]．西南农业学报，2008，21(3)：817-820．
[18]王显慧．VC和VE对肉鸡抗氧化性能和肉品氧化稳定性的影响[D]．硕士学位论文．杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2010：40．
京公网安备 11010802041926号