本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平糖萜素对固始鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响。将300只固始鸡公雏随机分成5组:对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、300 mg/kg糖萜素组、500 mg/kg糖萜素组、700 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。在21、35、49日龄时,分别从各组随机选取6只固始鸡,放血致死。应用常规石蜡切片,苏木精-伊红染色技术观察固始鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织黏膜结构,测定其绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值及肠壁厚度。结果表明:1)在固始鸡的不同日龄,各组间十二指肠、空肠和回肠的长度及肠壁厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)各日龄时,500 mg/kg糖萜素组和700 mg/kg糖萜素组固始鸡十二指肠绒毛高度均较高,2组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但21日龄时均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),35~49日龄时均与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);各日龄时,500 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组固始鸡十二指肠的V/C值均较高,2组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但21~35日龄时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),49日龄时均与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)各日龄时,500 mg/kg糖萜素组固始鸡空肠绒毛高度最高,21~35日龄时均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与700 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组差异不显著(P>0.05),49日龄时均与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);各日龄时,500 mg/kg糖萜素组、700 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组固始鸡空肠的V/C值均较高,3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)各日龄时,700 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组固始鸡回肠的绒毛高度均较高,21~35日龄时均显著高于对照组和300 mg/kg糖萜素组(P<0.05),但与500 mg/kg糖萜素组差异不显著(P>0.05),49日龄时均与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);各日龄时,500 mg/kg糖萜素组、700 mg/kg糖萜素组和金霉素(200 mg/kg)组固始鸡回肠的V/C值均较高,3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,糖萜素能促进肉鸡肠绒毛生长,降低隐窝深度,从而增加肠道对营养的吸收面积,综合各方面得出500 mg/kg为最适添加水平。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary saccharicterpenin level on mucosal structure of small intestine in Gushi chickens. A total of 300 Gushi chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: control (basal diet) group, 300 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group, 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group, 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group. Each group had three replicates and each replicate had twenty chickens. Six chickens at 21, 35 and 49 days of age were picked in each group and bled to death. Using the conventional paraffin sections and HE staining, the mucosal structure of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were observed, and then the villus height, crypt depth and intestinal wall thickness were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences among all groups in the length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the thickness of intestinal wall in Gushi chickens aged different days (P>0.05). 2) At different ages, the duodenum villi height of Gushi chickens in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group was higher, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but at 21 days of age, it was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); at 35 to 49 days of age, it had no significant difference compared with that in the other groups (P>0.05). At different ages, the duodenum V/C value of Gushi chickens in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group was higher, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05), but at 21 to 35 days of age, it was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); at 49 days of age, it had no significant difference compared with that in the other groups (P>0.05). 3) At different ages, the jejunum villi height of Gushi chickens in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group was the highest, and at 21 to 35 days of age, it was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but it had no significant difference compared with that in the 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group; at 49 days of age, it had no significant difference compared with that in the other groups (P>0.05). At different ages, the jejunum V/C value of Gushi chickens in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group, 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group was higher, and there were no significant differences among the three groups (P>0.05), but it was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). 4) At different ages, the ileum villi height of Gushi chickens in the 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group was higher, and at 21 to 35 days of age, it was significantly higher than that in the control group and 300 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group (P<0.05), but it had no significant difference compared with that in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group (P>0.05); at 49 days of age, it had no significant difference compared with that in the other groups (P>0.05). At different ages, the ileum V/C value of Gushi chickens in the 500 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group, 700 mg/kg saccharicterpenin group and chlortetracycline (200 mg/kg) group was higher, and there were no significant differences among the three groups (P>0.05), but it was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that saccharicterpenin supplementation can promote intestinal villus growth and reduce crypt depth, which increase the nutrient absorption cross section of intestinal wall. Accordingly, the suitable saccharicterpenin supplemental level is 500 mg/kg.