本试验旨在考察丁酸钠对轮状病毒攻毒和未攻毒断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道发育的影响，探讨丁酸钠缓减断奶应激的机理。选用（28±1）日龄刚断奶的大白仔猪48头，按体重随机分配到4个组中，每组12个重复，每个重复１头猪，采用单笼饲养。采用2×2双因子试验设计，对照组和组1饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮，组2和组3在基础日粮中添加0.3%丁酸钠；组1和组3在试验开始时每头仔猪接种浓度为1×106 TCID50/mL轮状病毒培养液1 mL。试验期为21 d。结果表明：轮状病毒攻毒降低断奶后第14天仔猪的采食量和空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），提高仔猪腹泻指数和空肠隐窝深度（P<0.01或P＜0.05）；提高断奶后第5天血清中γ-干扰素（INF-γ）（P＜0.05）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）（P＜0.05）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）（P＜0.10）水平和轮状病毒抗体表达量（P＜0.01）。丁酸钠可显著提高仔猪断奶后第14天的平均日增重（ADG）（P＜0.05），极显著提高平均日采食量（ADFI）（P＜0.01），极显著降低腹泻率和空肠隐窝深度（P＜0.01），极显著提高空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（P＜0.01）；极显著增加盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量（P＜0.01）；极显著提高断奶后第5天血清中白细胞介素-4（IL-4）（P＜0.01）显著提高轮状病毒抗体表达量（P＜0.05），有提高IL-2、IL-6水平的趋势（P＞0.05）。结果提示，丁酸钠可缓减断奶和轮状病毒引起的应激，提高断奶仔猪生长性能，其机理在于丁酸钠可改善仔猪肠道发育和微生物菌群结构，调控机体的细胞和体液免疫，增强对疾病的抵抗能力。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance and gut development in weanling piglets with or without infectious rotavirus inoculated, and to investigate the possible mechanism of sodium butyrate for relieving weanling stress. According to body weight, a total of 48 at (28±1)-day-old Large White weanling piglets were randomly allotted into 4 groups of 12 replicates and per replicate contained 1 piglet, which was fed in single cage. Using a 2×2 factorial design, control group and group 1 were fed with corn-soybean meal diet, group 2 and group 3 were fed with corn-soybean meal diet with addition of 0.3% sodium butyrate; group 1 and group 3 were inoculated with 1 mL (concentration: 1×106 TCID50/mL) rotavirus culture per pig at the experimental beginning. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results were as follows: rotavirus significantly decreased ADFI and the ratio of jejunum villus height to crypt depth (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and significantly increased diarrhea index and jejunum crypt depth on day 14 after weanling (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); rotavirus significantly elevated INF-γ (P＜0.05), IL-2 (P＜0.05), IL-6 level (P＜0.10) and rotavirus antibody express capacity (P＜0.01) on day 5 after weanling; sodium butyrate significantly increased ADG (P＜0.05) and ADFI (P＜0.01) on day 14 after weanling, and significantly decreased diarrhea index and jejunum crypt depth (P＜0.01), and significantly increased the ratio of jejunum villus height to crypt depth (P<0.01); sodium butyrate significantly improved Lactobacillui quantity in cecum (P＜0.01); sodium butyrate significantly elevated IL-4 level (P＜0.01) and rotavirus antibody express capacity (P＜0.05) on day 5 after weanling, and had a tendency to improve IL-2 and IL-6 level (P＞0.05). These results indicated that sodium butyrate could relieve stress induced by weanling and rotavirus inoculation, improve growth performance in weanling piglets. The mechanism could be that sodium butyrate improved intestinal tract development and microbial population structure, controlled cellular and humoral immunity to enhance the resistance to disease.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, ２００9，２1（5）:711-718］