Review

Synthesis and Secretion of Hepatic Very Low-Density Lipoprotein: a Review

Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2011-06-22

  Online published: 2011-11-21

Abstract

Excess deposition of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) leading to lipid metabolic disorders is the major cause of fatty liver. This review provides the latest understanding in aspects of VLDL assembly process and factors affecting hepatic VLDL synthesis and secretion, including structure-function relationships within apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in modulating VLDL synthesis, and other hepatic proteins and fatty acids contributing to VLDL assembly. In addition, some suggestions on studying molecular and cellular mechanisms of VLDL synthesis and secretion are proposed, and the perspectives of VLDL applications in animal husbandry are also discussed.

Cite this article

WEN Zhiguo, HOU Shuisheng, XIE Ming, HUANG Wei . Synthesis and Secretion of Hepatic Very Low-Density Lipoprotein: a Review[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011 , 23(11) : 1854 -1861 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.11.002

References

[1] HIGGINS J A. Evidence that during very low density lipoprotein assembly in rat hepatocytes most of the triacylglycerol and phospholipid are packaged with apolipoprotein B in the Golgi complex[J]. FEBS Letters, 1988, 232:405-408.

[2] SEGREST J P, JONES M K, DE L H, et al. Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2001, 42:1346-1367.

[3] YOUNG S G. Recent progress in understanding apolipoprotein B[J]. Circulation, 1990, 82:1574-1594.

[4] MCLEOD R S, WANG Y, WANG S, et al. Apolipoprotein B sequence requirements for hepatic very low density lipoprotein assembly. Evidence that hydrophobic sequences within apolipoprotein B48 mediate lipid recruitment[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1996, 271:18445-18455.

[5] LIANG J, WU X, JIANG H, et al. Translocation efficiency, susceptibility to proteasomal degradation, and lipid responsiveness of apolipoprotein B are determined by the presence of beta sheet domains[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998, 273:35216-35221.

[6] 曹华斌,郭小权,张彩英,等.高能低蛋白饲粮对蛋鸡肝脏apo B-100基因mRNA表达的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2010,3(30):393-397.

[7] JAMIL H, DICKSON J K, Jr. , CHU C H, et al. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Specificity of lipid binding and transport[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1995, 270:6549-6554.

[8] WETTERAU J R, COMBS K A, SPINNER S N, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase is a component of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein complex[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1990, 265:9800-9807.

[9] BORRADAILE N M, DE-DREU L E, BARRETT P H, et al. Inhibition of hepatocyte apoB secretion by naringenin: enhanced rapid intracellular degradation independent of reduced microsomal cholesteryl esters[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2002, 43(9):1544-1554.  

[10] LEUNG G K,VENIANT M M, KIM S K, et a1. A deficiency of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein reduces apolipoprotein B secretion[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, 275(11):7515-7520.  

[11] VAN GREEVENBROEK M M,ROBERTUS-TEUNISSEN M G, ERKELENS D W, et al. Participation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in lipoprotein assembly in Caco-2 cells: interaction with saturated and unsaturated dietary fatty acids[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 1998, 39(1):173-185.

[12] DOLINSKY V W, DOUGLAS D N, LEHNER R, et al. Regulation of the enzymes of hepatic microsomal triacylglycerol lipolysis and reesterification by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone[J]. Biochemical Journal, 2004, 378:967-974.

[13] TRAN K, WANG Y, DELONG C J, et al. The assembly of very low density lipoproteins in rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cells is inhibited by phospholipase A2 antagonists[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, 275:25023-25030.

[14] TRAN K, SUN F, CUI Z, et al. Attenuated secretion of very low density lipoproteins from McA-RH7777 cells treated with eicosapentaenoic acid is associated with impaired utilization of triacylglycerol synthesized via phospholipid remodeling[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2006, 1761:463-473.

[15] ROBICHAUD J C, VAN D V, YAO Z, et al. Hepatic uptake and metabolism of phosphatidylcholine associated with high density lipoproteins[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2009, 1790:538-551.

[16] SATO K, CHO Y, TACHIBANA S, et al. Impairment of VLDL secretion by medium-chain fatty acids in chicken primary hepatocytes is affected by the chain length[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 135:1636-1641.

[17] TACHIBANA S, SATO K, CHO Y, et al. Octanoate reduces very low-density lipoprotein secretion by decreasing the synthesis of apolipoprotein B in primary cultures of chicken hepatocytes[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2005, 1737:36-43.

[18] SUNDARAM M, ZHONG S, BOU KHALIL M, et al. Expression of apolipoprotein C-III in McARH7777 cells enhances VLDL assembly and secretion under lipid-rich conditions[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2010, 51:150-161.

[19] PAN M, MAITIN V, PARATHATH S, et al. Presecretory oxidation, aggregation, and autophagic destruction of apoprotein-B: a pathway for late-stage quality control[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2008, 105:5862-5867.

[20] LOPEZ-SOLDADO I, AVELLA M, BOTHAM K M. Differential influence of different dietary fatty acids on very low-density lipoprotein secretion when delivered to hepatocytes in chylomicron remnants[J]. Metabolism, 2009, 58:186-195.

[21] PAL S, TAKECHI R, HOU S S. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from human HepG2 liver cells[J]. Clinical Chemical Laboratory Medicine, 2005, 43:269-274.

[22] WERNER A, HAVINGA R, BOS T, et al. Essential fatty acid deficiency in mice is associated with hepatic steatosis and secretion of large VLDL particles[J]. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2005, 288:G1150-G1158.

[23] DEGRACE P, MOINDROT B, MOHAMED I, et al. Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR-/- apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2006, 47:2647-2655.

[24] OTA T, GAYET C, GINSBERG H N. Inhibition of apolipoprotein B100 secretion by lipid-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in rodents[J]. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2008, 118:316-332.

[25] 蒋袁娟.ApoB/ApoA1比值与代谢综合征及胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究 .硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆医科大学,2010.

[26] GUSAROVA V, BRODSKY J L, FISHER E A. Apolipoprotein B100 exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is COPII-dependent, and its lipidation to very low density lipoprotein occurs post-ER[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003, 278:48051-48058.

[27] JONES B, JONES E L, BONNEY S A, et al. Mutations in a Sar1 GTPase of COPⅡ vesicles are associated with lipid absorption disorders[J]. Nature Genetics, 2003, 34:29-31.

[28] ASP L, CLAESSON C, BOREN J, et al. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 and its activation of phospholipase D are important for the assembly of very low density lipoproteins[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, 275:26285-26292.

[29] 王瑞涛,宋科瑛.iPLA2β在胰岛β细胞中的表达和作用[J].国际内分泌代谢杂志,2009,29(5):342-345.

[30] RUSTAEUS S, LINDBERG K, BOREN J, et al. Brefeldin A reversibly inhibits the assembly of apoB containing lipoproteins in McA-RH7777 cells[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1995, 270:28879-28886.

[31] ZHOU M, FISHER E A, GINSBERG H N. Regulated co-translational ubiquitination of apolipoprotein B100. A new paradigm for proteasomal degradation of a secretory protein[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998, 273:24649-24653.

[32] MAGNUSSON B, ASP L, BOSTROM P, et al. Adipocyte differentiation-related protein promotes fatty acid storage in cytosolic triglycerides and inhibits secretion of very low-density lipoproteins[J]. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2006, 26:1566-1571.

[33] YE J, LI J Z, LIU Y, et al. Cideb, an ER- and lipid droplet-associated protein, mediates VLDL lipidation and maturation by interacting with apolipoprotein B[J]. Cell Metabolism, 2009, 9:177-190.

[34] ZHOU Z, YON T S, CHEN Z, et al. Cidea-deficient mice have lean phenotype and are resistant to obesity[J]. Nature Genetics, 2003, 35:49-56.

[35] HUANG Y, LIU X Q, RALL S C, Jr. , et al. Overexpression and accumulation of apolipoprotein E as a cause of hypertriglyceridemia[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998, 273:26388-26393.

[36] GUSAROVA V, SEO J, SULLIVAN M L, et al. Golgi-associated maturation of very low density lipoproteins involves conformational changes in apolipoprotein B, but is not dependent on apolipoprotein E[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007, 282:19453-19462.

[37] GANGABADAGE C S, ZDUNEK J, TESSARI M, et al. Structure and dynamics of human apolipoprotein CⅢ[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283:17416-17427.

[38] 郭小权,胡国良,曹华斌,等.高能量低蛋白日粮对蛋鸡载脂蛋白AI和脂蛋白代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):187-193.

[39] TEUSINK B, MENSENKAMP A R, VAN DER B H, et al. Stimulation of the in vivo production of very low density lipoproteins by apolipoprotein E is independent of the presence of the low density lipoprotein receptor[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276:40693-40697.

[40] WIERSMA H, NIJSTAD N, GAUTIER T, et al. Scavenger receptor BⅠ facilitates hepatic very low density lipoprotein production in mice[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 2010, 51:544-553.

[41] MESHKANI R, ADELI K. Hepatic insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease[J]. Clinical Biochemistry, 2009, 42:1331-1346.

[42] LI X, GRUNDY S M, PATEL S B. Obesity in db and ob animals leads to impaired hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion and differential secretion of apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100[J]. Journal of Lipid Research, 1997, 38:1277-1288.

[43] HUANG W, DEDOUSIS N, O'DOHERTY R M. Hepatic steatosis and plasma dyslipidemia induced by a high-sucrose diet are corrected by an acute leptin infusion[J]. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007, 102:2260-2265.

[44] HUANG W, METLAKUNTA A, DEDOUSIS N, et al. Leptin augments the acute suppressive effects of insulin on hepatic very low-density lipoprotein production in rats[J]. Endocrinology, 2009, 150:2169-2174.
Outlines

/