竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.040

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摘要本试验旨在研究竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响。试验选用健康、体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛用于瘤胃液的采集，以精粗比为4：6的全混合日粮作为发酵底物。试验组分为6组，各组分别添加0（对照）、0.75、1.50、3.00、4.50、6.00 mg/g的竹叶提取物，每组6个重复，每个重复3个批次。体外发酵24 h后，记录产气量，测定瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明：1）各组的发酵液pH均无显著差异（P>0.05）。试验组的发酵液中氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），其中3.00和4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中NH₃-N浓度显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。试验组的发酵液中干物质消失率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。2）4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；3.00、4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中乙酸浓度显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丙酸浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；3.00、4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丁酸浓度显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中异戊酸浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。各组的发酵液中异丁酸、戊酸浓度以及乙酸/丙酸均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）试验组的体外发酵甲烷体积和甲烷含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。各组的体外发酵产气量无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，体外条件下添加竹叶提取物在不影响瘤胃发酵模式的同时可以显著降低甲烷排放，其中添加4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物效果最佳。

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关键词 ：竹叶提取物, 奶牛, 体外发酵

Abstract：The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of bamboo leaf extract on rumen in vitro fermentation parameters and gas production of dairy cows. The healthy and similar body condition Holstein cows were used as experimental animals for the collection of rumen fluid, and the total mixed ration with forage-to-concentrate ratio 4:6 was used as the fermentation substrate. The experiment divided into 6 groups, and the 6 groups were added 0 (control), 0.75, 1.50, 3.00, 4.50 and 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract, there were 5 replicates in each group, and 3 batches in each replicate. After 24 hours in vitro fermentation, the gas production was recorded and the rumen fermentation parameters were determined. The results showed as follows:1) there was no significant difference in pH in fermentation fluid among all groups (P>0.05). The concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) in fermentation fluid of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the concentration of NH₃-N in fermentation fluid of 3.00 and 4.50 mg/g bamboo leaf extract groups was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). The dry matter disappearance rate in fermentation fluid of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 2) The concentration of total volatile fatty acid in fermentation fluid of 4.50 and 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract groups was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05); the concentration of acetic acid in fermentation fluid of 3.00, 4.50 and 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract groups was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05); the concentration of propionic acid in fermentation fluid of 4.50 and 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract groups was significantly higher than that of the control groups (P<0.05); the concentration of butyric acid in fermentation fluid of 3.00, 4.50 and 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract groups was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05); the concentration of isovaleric acid in fermentation fluid of 6.00 mg/g bamboo leaf extract group was significantly lower than that of the control groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in isobutyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and acetic acid/propionic acid in fermentation fluid among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The in vitro fermentation methane volume and methane content of experimental in groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on in vitro fermentation gas production among all groups (P>0.05). In summary, the addition of bamboo leaf extract in vitro can significantly reduce methane emissions without affecting the rumen fermentation mode, the addition of 4.50 mg/g bamboo leaf extract has the best effects.

Key words： bamboo leaf extract dairy cow in vitro fermentation

收稿日期: 2018-09-12

PACS:

S816.7

基金资助:

"十三五"国家重大科技专项（2016YFD0700201，2016YFD0700205）；国家自然科学基金项目（31772629）

通讯作者: 蒋林树,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:kjxnb@vipSina.com;熊本海,研究员,博士生导师,E-mail:xiongbanhai@caas.cn E-mail: kjxnb@vipSina.com;xiongbanhai@caas.cn

作者简介: 栗明月(1995-),女,北京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养与免疫。E-mail:1848467829@qq.com

引用本文:

栗明月, 方洛云, 苏汉书, 焦梦荷, 郝磊, 蒋林树, 熊本海. 竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(4): 1816-1822.
LI Mingyue, FANG Luoyun, SU Hanshu, JIAO Menghe, HAO Lei, JIANG Linshu, XIONG Benhai. Effects of Bamboo Leaf Extract on Rumen in Vitro Fermentation Parameters and Gas Production of Dairy Cows. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(4): 1816-1822.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.04.040 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I4/1816

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