枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.05.019

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摘要本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响。选用480只1日龄肉公鸡（Ross 308）随机分为5组，分别为对照组（CON组）、产气荚膜梭菌攻毒组（CP组）、CP+10 mg/kg恩拉霉素组（ENRA组），CP+10 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌（10¹⁰ CFU/g）组（BS组）和CP+5 mg/kg恩拉霉素+10 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌组（ENRA+BS组），每组8个重复，每个重复12只，试验期42 d。所有攻毒组肉鸡在第14天时口服混合型艾美尔球虫悬浮液[11 000孢子/（mL·只）]，第16~18天时口服产气荚膜梭菌悬浮液[10⁸ CFU/（mL·只）]。结果表明：1）与CP组相比，ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第1~21天料重比有降低的趋势（P=0.051）；与CON组相比，ENRA组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第1~42天料重比显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与CP组相比，ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第28天空肠病变计分极显著降低（P<0.01）。3）第21天和第42天时，ENRA组隐窝深度极显著低于CP组、BS组和ENRA+BS组（P<0.01）。第42天时，与CP组相比，ENRA组绒毛高度/隐窝深度（VH/CD）显著增加（P<0.05），BS组和ENRA+BS组VH/CD有提高趋势（P>0.05）。4）第21天时，与CP组相比，ENRA+BS组空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）含量显著增加（P<0.05）；第28天时，与CP组相比，BS组和ENRA+BS组空肠黏膜免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量显著增加（P<0.05）。5）与CP组相比，ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组第21天肉鸡大肠杆菌数量极显著降低（P<0.01）；ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组第28天肉鸡产气荚膜梭菌数量极显著降低（P<0.01）。由此得出，枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上改善肉鸡肠道健康和生长性能，当与恩拉霉素（5 mg/kg）合用时，其效果更好，从而起到减少抗生素使用的作用。

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关键词 ：枯草芽孢杆菌, 产气荚膜梭菌, 肉鸡, 生长性能, 肠道健康, 球虫

Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis in the diet on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 480 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate. The 5 groups were control group (CON group), Clostridium perfringens challenge group (CP group), CP+10 mg/kg enramycin group (ENRA group), CP+10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis (contained 10¹⁰ CFU/g) group (BS group) and CP+5 mg/kg enramycin+10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis group (ENRA+BS group). All the broilers in the challenge group were orally administered with a mixed Eimeria suspension (11 000 spores/mL per broiler) at day 14, and a suspension of Clostridium perfringens (10⁸ CFU/mL per broiler) was orally administered at days 16 to 18. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with CP group, feed/gain (F/G) of broilers at days 1 to 21 in ENRA group, BS group and ENRA+BS group had a tendency to decrease (P=0.051). Compared with CON group, F/G of broilers at days 1 to 42 in ENRA group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the CP group, the jejunal lesion score of broilers at day 28 in ENRA group, BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced (P<0.01). 3) At days 21 and 42, the crypt depth in the ENRA group was significantly lower than that in the CP group, BS group and ENRA+BS group (P<0.01). At day 42, compared with the CP group, the villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) in ENRA group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the VH/CD in the BS group and ENRA+BS group increased, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). 4) At day 21, compared with CP group, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content in jejunal mucosa in ENRA+BS group significantly increased (P<0.05); at day 28, compared with CP group, immunoglobulin G (IgG) in jejunal mucosa in BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the CP group, the number of Escherichia coli at day 21 in ENRA group, BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the number of Clostridium perfringens at day 28 in ENRA group, BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced (P<0.01). It was concluded that Bacillus subtilis can improve the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers to a certain extent. When combined with enramycin (5 mg/kg), the effect is better, thus reducing the use of antibiotics.

Key words： Bacillus subtilis Clostridium perfringens broiler growth performance intestinal health coccidia

收稿日期: 2018-11-05

PACS:

S831

基金资助:

"十三五"育种攻关计划项目（2016NYZ0052）

通讯作者: 丁雪梅,副教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:dingxuemei0306@163.com E-mail: dingxuemei0306@163.com

作者简介: 胡均(1993-),男,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生,从事家禽营养研究。E-mail:269076147@qq.com

引用本文:

胡均, 张克英, 白世平, 王建萍, 曾秋凤, 彭焕伟, 栾超, 丁雪梅. 枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(5): 2127-2135.
HU Jun, ZHANG Keying, BAI Shiping, WANG Jianping, ZENG Qiufeng, PENG Huanwei, LUAN Chao, DING Xuemei. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Broilers Challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(5): 2127-2135.

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http://www.chinajan.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.05.019 或 http://www.chinajan.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I5/2127

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