Abstract：This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented wheat bran polysaccharides (FWBPs) on tissue cytokine contents and caecal microflora structure of rats. Seventy-five healthy weaned SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rats per replicate. Rats in the 3 groups were lavaged daily with FWBPs solution at doses of 0 (control group), 100 (low FWBPs group) and 200 mg/kg BW (high FWBPs group). The experiment was carried out for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, one rat was selected from each replicate and slaughtered. The jejunum, liver and spleen tissues were collected to measure the cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contents by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and the structure of caecal microflora was analyzed by Illumina HiSeq high through sequencing technology. The results showed as follows:1) lavage of FWBPs at 100 mg/kg BW improved IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α content in tissues of rats, and the TNF-α content in spleen tissue of rats was significantly improved compared with control group (P<0.05); compared with control group, the contents of IL-2 in liver tissue and IL-6 in spleen tissue were significantly decreased in high FWBPs group (P<0.05); the contents of TNF-α in jejunum tissue, IL-2 in liver tissue and IL-6 in spleen tissue of rats in low FWBPs group were significantly higher than those in high FWBPs group (P<0.05). 2) Lavage of FWBPs at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW both enhanced Shannon, Chao1 and ACE indices compared with control group (P>0.05). At the phylum level, lavage of FWBPs at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW both significantly improved the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in caecal chyme compared with control group (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with control group, the relative abundance of Prevotella_9 in caecal chyme in low and high FWBPs groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria Ruminococcus_1 in low FWBPs group and Coprococcus_1 in high FWBPs group were significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, lavage of low dose (100 mg/kg BW) FWBPs can increase the contents of cytokine in tissues and regulate the structure of caecal microflora, which may further enhance the immunity of rats.
SHEN T, WANG G C, YOU L, et al.Polysaccharide from wheat bran induces cytokine expression via the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway and prevents cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice[J].Food & Nutrition Research, 2017, 61(1):1344523.
LEE J S, SYNYTSYA A, KIM H B, et al.Purification, characterization and immunomodulating activity of a pectic polysaccharide isolated from Korean mulberry fruit oddi (Morus alba L.)[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2013, 17(3):858-866.
[10]
YANG J Y, MALDONADO-GÍMEZ M X, HUTKINS R W, et al.Production and in vitro fermentation of soluble, non-digestible, feruloylated oligo-and polysaccharides from maize and wheat brans[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(1):159-166.
[11]
ZHAO H M, GUO X N, ZHU K X, et al.Impact of solid state fermentation on nutritional, physical and flavor properties of wheat bran[J].Food Chemistry, 2017, 217:28-36.
CAO L, LIU X Z, QIAN T X, et al.Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of arabinoxylans:a major constituent of wheat bran[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2011, 48(1):160-164.
[26]
徐晓飞.香菇多糖L2的免疫调节机理研究[D].博士学位论文.广州:华南理工大学, 2014.
[29]
GLOVSKY M M, CORTES-HAENDCHEN L, GHEKIERE L, et al.Effects of particulate β-1, 3 glucan on human, rat, and guinea pig complement activity[J].Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society, 1983, 33(5):401-413.
MAES C, DELCOUR J A.Structural characterisation of water-extractable and water-unextractable arabinoxylans in wheat bran[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2002, 35(3):315-326.
[17]
CHANG C J, LIN C S, LU C C, et al.Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota[J].Nature Communications, 2015, 6:7489.
[24]
WANG Q, GARRITY G M, TIEDJE J M, et al.Naïve bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 73(16):5261-5267.
[28]
HUANG S Q, NING Z X.Extraction of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and its immune enhancement activity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2010, 47(3):336-341.
[30]
CHIHARA G.Immunopharmacology of lentinan, a polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodus:its application as a host defence potentiator[J].International Journal of Oriental Medicine, 1992, 17:57-77.
[40]
DU C T, GAO W, MA K, et al.MicroRNA-146a deficiency protects against Listeria monocytogenes infection by modulating the gut microbiota[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018, 19(4):993.
[4]
GOU C L, WANG J Z, WANG Y Q, et al.Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) pers.Polysaccharide enhance innate immune response, immune-related genes expression and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018, 72:604-610.
[12]
MANINI F, BRASCA M, PLUMED-FERRER C, et al.Study of the chemical changes and evolution of microbiota during sourdoughlike fermentation of wheat bran[J].Cereal Chemistry, 2014, 91(4):342-349.
[16]
CHO I, BLASER M J.The human microbiome:at the interface of health and disease[J].Nature Reviews Genetics, 2012, 13(4):260-270.
[20]
BOKULICH N A, SUBRAMANIAN S, FAITH J J, et al.Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing[J].Nature Methods, 2013, 10(1):57-59.
[23]
EDGAR R C.UPARSE:highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads[J].Nature Methods, 2013, 10(10):996-998.
HIGUCHI M, OSHIDA J, ORINO K, et al.Wheat bran protects Fischer-344 rats from diquat-induced oxidative stress by activating antioxidant system:selenium as an antioxidant[J].Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2011, 75(3):496-499.
