Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chromium yeast on performance, serum indexes and plasma and milk trace element contents of heat-stressed dairy cows. Twenty mid-lactation good health Holstein dairy cows with similar milk yield[(28.9±1.4) kg/d], lactation days[(105±5) d] and parity (2 to 3 parities) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 cows in each group. Cows in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet without chromium yeast, while other in experimental groups were fed basal diet concentrates supplemented with 0.4 (Cr-0.4 group), 0.8 (Cr-0.8 group) and 1.2 mg/kg (Cr-1.2 group) chromium yeast (as chromium count), respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 14 days, and the experimental period lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows:1) with the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of dairy cows were linearly decreased (P<0.05). 2) With the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the dry matter feed intake, milk yield and milk protein percentage of dairy cows were linearly increased (P<0.05). 3) With the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the serum urea nitrogen content was linearly increased (P<0.05), and the serum glucose content was increased firstly and then decreased quadratically (P<0.05). The serum glucose content of Cr-0.8 group was significantly higher than that of CON and Cr-1.2 groups (P<0.05). 4) With the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the serum superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity were increased linearly (P<0.05), the serum glutathione peroxidase activity was increased firstly and then decreased quadratically (P<0.05), and the serum malondialdehyde content was decreased firstly and then decreased quadratically (P<0.05). 5) With the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the serum insulin, cortisol and thyroxine contents were linearly increased (P<0.05), the serum glucagon and prolactin contents were increased firstly and then decreased quadratically (P<0.05), and the serum triiodothyronine content was decreased firstly and then increased quadratically (P<0.05). Among them, the serum glucagon and prolactin contents of Cr-0.4 and Cr-0.8 groups were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05), and the serum triiodothyronine content of Cr-0.4 and Cr-0.8 groups was significantly lower than that of the CON group (P<0.05). 6) With the supplemental dose of chromium yeast increased, the contents of chromium and manganese in plasma and chromium in milk were linearly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of chromium and manganese in milk were increased firstly and then decreased quadratically (P<0.05). The plasma chromium content of Cr-0.8 group was significantly higher than that of CON and Cr-0.4 group (P<0.05),and the milk chromium content of Cr-0.4, Cr-0.8 and Cr-1.2 groups was significantly higher than that of the CON group (P<0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation of 0.8 mg/kg chromium yeast can improve the performance of heat-stressed cows. Dietary supplementation of appropriate dose chromium yeast can decrease the serum urea nitrogen content, regulate serum hormone content, improve body antioxidant capacity, and increase the contents of chromium in plasma and milk.
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