动物营养学报 >

2011 , Vol. 23 >Issue 12: 2217 - 2224

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.12.026

研究简报

饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响

展开
  • 1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京 100081;
    2. 中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林 132109;
    3. 吉林省特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建实验室,吉林 132109
崔 虎(1984—),男,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,从事蓝狐营养研究。E_mail: cuihu2009@163.com

收稿日期: 2011-06-21

  网络出版日期: 2011-12-14

基金资助

公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903014)

收起

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism, and Serum Biochemical Indices of Blue Foxes during the Winter Hair Period

Expand
  • 1. Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 132109, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Jilin 132109, China

Received date: 2011-06-21

  Online published: 2011-12-14

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响。选取16周龄、平均体重为(5.71±0.60) kg的健康雄性蓝狐90只,随机分为6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。各组蓝狐分别饲喂蛋白质水平为24％(Ⅰ组)、26％(Ⅱ组)、28％(Ⅲ组)、30％(Ⅳ组)、32％(Ⅴ组)、34％(Ⅵ组)的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期80 d。结果表明,Ⅲ组蓝狐的末重、平均日增重和饲料转化率均为最高,其中末重极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P<0.01),平均日增重和饲料转化率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的干物质消化率极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P<0.01)。蛋白质消化率随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高有先升高后降低的趋势,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);而脂肪消化率在饲粮蛋白质水平为28%时最高,且与其他各组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,粪氮和尿氮排出量都有升高的趋势,且Ⅴ和Ⅵ组的尿氮排出量极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。饲粮蛋白质水平在28％时,蓝狐的净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值均为最高,同时氮沉积也处在较高水平。随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,血清尿素氮含量呈升高的趋势,而血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量则先升高后降低,且均以Ⅲ组最高。各组间血清谷丙转氨酶活性没有显著差异(P>0.05),而血清谷草转氨酶活性Ⅰ组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。结合平均日增重、营养物质消化率、氮代谢以及血清生化指标得出,冬毛期蓝狐饲粮适宜的蛋白质水平为28%。

关键词： 蓝狐; 蛋白质水平; 生长性能; 营养物质消化率; 氮代谢; 血清生化指标

本文引用格式

崔虎, 张铁涛, 张志强, 耿业业, 高秀华, 杨福合, 邢秀梅 . 饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2011 , 23(12) : 2217 -2224 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.12.026

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, nutrient digestion and metabolism, and serum biochemical indices of blue foxes during the winter hair period. Ninety healthy male blue foxes with an average body weight of (5.71±0.60) kg were randomly assigned into 6 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 blue fox per replicate. The blue foxes in the 6 groups were fed 6 experimental diets containing 24% (group Ⅰ), 26% (group Ⅱ), 28% (group Ⅲ), 30% (group Ⅳ), 32% (group Ⅴ) and 34% (group Ⅵ) protein, respectively. The experiment included an adaptation period for 7 days and a test period for 80 days. The results showed as follows: the highest final weight, average daily gain and feed conversation ratio were found in the group Ⅲ. Among them, the final weight in the group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ (P<0.01), and the average daily gain and feed conversation ratio in the group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in groups Ⅰ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The dry matter digestibility in groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ (P<0.01). With increasing protein level, protein digestibility was increased, but no significant differences were found among all groups (P>0.05). The highest fat digestibility was found in the group with the diet containing 28% protein, and the significant differences were found between the group Ⅲ and other groups (P<0.05). With increasing protein level, the fecal nitrogen output and urinary nitrogen output were increased, and urinary nitrogen output in groups Ⅴand Ⅵ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.01). The highest net protein utilization, biological value of protein and higher nitrogen retention were found in the group with the diet containing 28% protein. With increasing protein level, the serum urea nitrogen content was increased, while the contents of total protein and albumin in serum were firstly increased and then decreased, and the highest values were found in the group Ⅲ. The serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity was not influenced by different levels of protein (P>0.05), and the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity in the group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the appropriate dietary protein level for blue foxes during the winter hair period is 28% by combined with the parameters such as the average daily gain, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indices.

Key words： blue foxes; protein level; growth performance; nutrient digestibility; nitrogen metabolism; serum biochemical indices

参考文献

[1] 胡涛,王加启,卜登攀.畜禽粪尿氮污染情况及降低污染的措施[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(2):207-210.



[2] NRC. Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[S]. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1982.



[3] BOUWMAN A F. A global high-resolution emission inventory for ammonia[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1997(11):561-587.



[4] OENEMA O, TAMMING S. Nitrogen in global animal production and management options for improving nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Science in China Series C: Life Sciences, 2005, 48:871-887.



[5] TAMMINGA S. Pollution due to nutrient losses and its control in European animal production[J]. Livestock Production Science, 2003, 84:101-111.



[6] ROTZ C A. Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82:E119-E137.



[7] FIGUEROA J L, LEWI A J, MILLER P S, et al. Nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of gilts fed standard corn-soybean meal diets or low-crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2002, 80:2911-2919.



[8] RUUSUNEN M, PARTANEN K, PöSöR, et al. The effect of dietary protein supply on carcass composition, size of organs, muscle properties and meat quality of pigs[J]. Livestock Science, 2007, 107:170-181.



[9] 张海华,李光玉,刘佰阳.狐营养研究进展[J].饲料工业,2009,29(13):55-58.



[10] 靳世厚,杨嘉实.狐的能量、蛋白质需要量及其饲料配制技术的综合研究报告[J].经济动物学报,1998(2):10-13.



[11] 尹清强,马振凯.育成期雄性蓝狐适宜蛋白水平研究 //佚名.全国首届特产动物营养学术讨论会文集. : ,1990.



[12] 杨嘉实,张洪如,靳世厚.狐各生物学时期典型饲粮配方及营养水平推荐值 //全国首届特产动物营养学术讨论会文集. : ,1990.



[13] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.



[14] SKREDE A. Utilization of fish and animal by products in mink nutrition: effect of source and level of protein on nitrogen balance, post weaning growth and characteristics of winter fur quality[J]. Acta Agriculture Scand, 1978, 28:105-129.



[15] RIMESLTTEN H, TEN H. Experiments in feeding different levels of protein, fat and carbohydrates to blue foxes //Proceedings of the first international scientific congress in fur animal production. : , 1976.



[16] DAHLMAN T, BLOMSTEDT L. Effect of feed protein level on fur and skin of the blue fox[J]. Scientifur, 2000, 24:13-16.



[17] 周顺伍.动物生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.



[18] VERNON R, MARCHINI J S, CORTIELLA J, et al. Assessment of protein nutritional status[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 1990, 120(11):1496-1502.



[19] CHEN H Y,LEWIS A J, MILLER P S, et al. The effect of excess protein on growth performance and protein metabolism of finishing barrows and gilts[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77:3238-3244.



[20] JUST A. The net energy value of crude (catabolized) protein for growth in pigs[J]. Livestock Production Science, 1982, 9(3):349-360.  



[21] SKREDE A, YSTEIN A. Comparative nutrient digestibility in dogs, blue foxes, mink and rats[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 1998, 128:2676S-2677S.



[22] DAHLMAN T, VALAJA J, NIEMEA P, et al. Influence of protein level and supplementary L-methionine and lysine on growth performance and fur quality of blue fox (Alopex lagopus)[J]. Acta Agriculture Scand, 2002, 52:174-182.



[23] DAHLMAN T, KIISKINEN T, MAKELA J, et al. Digestibility and nitrogen utilization of diets containing protein at different levels and supplemented with DL-methionine, L-methionine and L-lysine in blue fox (Alopex lagopus)[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2002, 98:221-237.



[24] DAHLMAN T, VALAJA J, JALAVA T, et al. Growth and fur characteristics of blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) fed diets with different protein levels and with or without DL-methionine supplementation in the growing-furring period[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 83:239-245.



[25] 郑春田,李德发.猪低污染日粮技术研究进展[J].饲料工业,2000,12:1-5.



[26] NEWELL C W. Nutrient floe and manure management in the mink industry . Ph. D. thesis. Halifax, N.S.: Truro and Dalhousie University, 1999.



[27] RORZ C A. Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82:119-137.



[28] KERR B J, EASTER E A. Effect of feeding reduced protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in grower pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73:3000-3008.



[29] PFEIFFER A, HENKEL H, VERSTEGEN M A. The influence of protein intake on water balance, flow rate and apparent digestibility of nutrition at the distal ileum in growing pigs[J]. Livestock Product Science, 1995, 44:179-187.



[30] MUSTONEN A M, MATTIP P, TEIJA P N, et al. Adaptations to fasting in the American mink (Mustela vison): nitrogen metabolism[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 2005, 175:357-363.



[31] 杨宇衡,王之盛,蔡义民.氨化银合欢对南江黄羊生长性能和血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(7):835-841.



[32] 李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋.不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1219-1226.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2