本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬对热应激奶牛产奶性能、生理指标及血清生化指标的影响。采用随机区组试验设计,根据年龄、胎次(2~3胎)、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则,将21头健康奶牛分为3组,每组7个重复,对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮+250 g/d脂肪酸钙和基础饲粮+10 mg/kg烟酸铬。预试期10 d,正试期40 d。试验期内日平均温湿指数(THI)为79.99。结果表明:1)饲粮添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬分别使标准乳产量极显著提高了26.37%(P<0.01)、10.78%(P<0.01);饲粮添加脂肪酸钙使乳脂率极显著提高了31.61%(P<0.01)。2)饲粮添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬分别使呼吸频率显著降低了10.01%(P<0.05)、11.69%(P<0.01)。3)饲粮添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬分别使血清谷草转氨酶活性极显著降低了25.80%(P<0.01)、19.00%(P<0.01),血清肌酸激酶活性分别显著降低了9.88%(P<0.05)、8.89%(P<0.05);饲粮添加脂肪酸钙使血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度分别显著提高了14.47%(P<0.05)、23.12%(P<0.01)和38.89%(P<0.05);饲粮添加烟酸铬使血清T3、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)浓度分别显著提高了11.84%(P<0.05)、32.61%(P<0.05);饲粮添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬分别使血清热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达量显著提高了39.94%(P<0.01)、28.10%(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬可提高产奶量,通过调节内分泌、增强抗氧化能力、调节HSP70表达等来增强奶牛耐热性。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium soaps of fatty acids (CSFC) and chromium nicotinate (CN) on lactation performance, physiological and serum biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress. A randomized block design was used in this experiment. Twenty one cows with similar age, parity (2 to 3), milk yield and lactation period were selected and divided into three groups with seven replicates in each group and one cow per replicate. Cows in control group, group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed basal diet, basal diet+CSFC 250 g/d and basal diet+CN 10 mg/kg, respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 d, and the experimental period lasted for 40 d. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary CSFC and CN significantly increased the yield of fat corrected milk by 26.37 (P<0.01) and 10.78% (P<0.01), respectively; dietary CSFC significantly increased milk fat percentage by 31.61% (P<0.01). 2) CSFC and CN significantly decreased average breath rate by 10.01%(P<0.05) and 11.69% (P<0.01), respectively. 3) Affected by CSFC and CN supplementation, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly decreased by 25.80% and 19.00% (P<0.01), serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly decreased by 9.88% and 8.89% (P<0.05); dietary CSFC significantly increased serum concentrations of T3, T4 and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 14.47% (P<0.05), 23.12% (P<0.01) and 38.89% (P<0.05), respectively; dietary CN significantly increased serum concentrations of T3 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 11.84% (P<0.05) and 32.61% (P<0.05), respectively; affected by CSFC and CN supplementation, serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression level was significantly increased by 39.94% (P<0.01)and 28.10% (P<0.05). The results indicate that CSFC and CN can increase milk yield and improve anti-heat stress effects through adjusting the endocrine balance, enhancing anti-oxidation ability and regulating gene expression of HSP70 in dairy cows.
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