本试验旨在研究醋酸棉酚对异育银鲫生长性能、血清生化指标和棉酚残留的影响。选取平均体重为(31.68±0.01) g的异育银鲫270尾,随机分为3组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、300和900 mg/kg醋酸棉酚的试验饲料。试验期为8周。结果表明:随着醋酸棉酚添加量的增加,异育银鲫的生长性能呈现降低趋势。与对照组相比,添加300 mg/kg醋酸棉酚组增重率降低了8.43%(P<0.05),特定生长率降低了5.82%(P<0.05),饲料系数升高了7.69%(P>0.05);添加900 mg/kg醋酸棉酚组增重率降低了12.22%(P<0.05),特定生长率降低了7.94%(P<0.05),饲料系数升高了14.69%(P<0.05)。随着醋酸棉酚添加量的增加,异育银鲫的肥满度和内脏指数逐渐降低,而肝胰指数则逐渐升高,其中添加900 mg/kg醋酸棉酚组的肥满度和肝胰指数与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。醋酸棉酚添加量对异育银鲫的体长体高比以及肌肉水分、灰分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。添加900 mg/kg醋酸棉酚组异育银鲫的血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性和肌酐含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清碱性磷酸酶活性和总蛋白含量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组异育银鲫的血清尿素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、总胆红素、葡萄糖和钙含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着醋酸棉酚添加量的增加,异育银鲫的肌肉和肝脏游离棉酚含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此得出,当饲料中醋酸棉酚添加量达300 mg/kg时,异育银鲫的生长性能降低,组织中棉酚残留量增加;当饲料中醋酸棉酚添加量达900 mg/kg时,异育银鲫的肝功能和肾功能还会受到损伤。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of gossypol-acetic acid on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and gossypol residue of Carassius auratus gibelio. A total of 270 Carassius auratus gibelio with an average body weight of (31.68±0.01) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Fish in the 3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 300 or 900 mg/kg gossypol-acetic acid, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: with the increasing of gossypol-acetic acid supplementation, the growth performance of fish showed a decreasing tendency. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate of fish in the 2 groups with the diet supplemented with 300 and 900 mg/kg gossypol-acetic acid, respectively, was decreased by 8.43% (P<0.05) and 12.22% (P<0.05), and the special growth rate was decreased by 5.82% (P<0.05) and 7.94% (P<0.05), while the feed conversion rate was increased by 7.69% (P>0.05) and 14.69% (P<0.05), respectively. With the increasing of gossypol-acetic acid supplementation, the condition factor and viscerosomatic index of fish were gradually decreased, while the hepaticsomatic index was gradually increased. The condition factor and hepaticsomatic index of fish in the group with the diet supplemented with 900 mg/kg gossypol-acetic acid showed significant differences when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The body length to body height ratio and the contents of moisture, ash, crude protein and crude lipid in muscle of fish were not influenced by gossypol-acetic acid supplementation (P>0.05). The activities of glutamic oxaolacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine content in serum of fish in the group with the diet supplemented with 900 mg/kg gossypol-acetic acid were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein content in serum of fish in the group with the diet supplemented with 900 mg/kg gossypol-acetic acid were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the contents of urea, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, glucose and calcium in serum among all groups (P>0.05). The free gossypol content in muscle and liver was significantly increased with the increasing of gossypol-acetic acid supplementation (P<0.05). In conclusion, when dietary gossypol-acetic acid supplementation reaches 300 mg/kg, the growth performance of Carassius auratus gibelio is decreased, and the gossypol residue in tissue is increased. Furthermore, when dietary gossypol-acetic acid supplementation reaches 900 mg/kg, the liver function and renal function of Carassius auratus gibelio are damaged.