不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响

谭莉; 袁栋; 张云兵; 占秀安

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.05.012

动物营养学报 >

2012 >Issue 5: 877 - 885

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.05.012

饲料营养

不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响

谭莉 ,
袁栋 ,
张云兵 ,
占秀安

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1. 浙江大学饲料科学研究所, 杭州 310058;
2. 浙江欣欣饲料股份有限公司, 嘉兴 314005

收稿日期: 2011-12-08

网络出版日期: 2012-04-29

基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-42-G19)

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Different Bacillus Probiotics Affect Growth Performance and Ammonia Emission from Excreta of Broilers

TAN Li ,
YUAN Dong ,
ZHANG Yunbing ,
ZHAN Xiu

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1. Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2. Zhejiang Xinxin Feed Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314005, China

Received date: 2011-12-08

Online published: 2012-04-29

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机理。将840只1日龄岭南黄肉用公鸡按试验要求随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复70只鸡。对照组在基础饲粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素和洛克沙胂,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌(丁酸梭菌组,CBG)、地衣芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌组,BLG)和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂(枯草芽孢杆菌组,BSG)。试验期为50 d,分1~21日龄和22~50日龄2个阶段。结果表明:1)地衣芽孢杆菌制剂和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂能显著提高1~21日龄肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),却有增加料重比的趋势(P>0.05);试验组肉鸡1~50日龄和22~50日龄的各生长性能指标与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05),但在试验组中以CBG效果最优。2)试验组盲肠大肠菌群数、需氧菌总数、厌氧菌总数、pH与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05),但丁酸梭菌制剂能显著提高21日龄和50日龄时的乳酸杆菌数(P<0.05);盲肠内容物和粪便中pH均以CBG最低。3)与对照组相比,试验组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和尿酸含量不同程度地提高,血清尿素氮含量不同程度地降低;盲肠和粪便中尿酸含量也不同程度地降低,而粪便尿素氮含量不同程度地升高;50日龄时BLG和BSG粪便中氨态氮含量显著升高(P<0.05),CBG与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各组肉鸡12、19和26日龄排泄物氨逸失差异不显著(P>0.05),33、40和47日龄以BSG排泄物氨逸失最高,CBG较对照组有降低排泄物氨逸失的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,芽孢杆菌制剂能调节肠道菌群,影响体内氮代谢,并降低盲肠与粪便pH,在本试验条件下以丁酸梭菌制剂效果最优,能在一定程度上降低排泄物氨的逸失。

关键词： 芽孢杆菌; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 氨逸失; 机理

本文引用格式

谭莉 , 袁栋 , 张云兵 , 占秀安 . 不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012 , (5) : 877 -885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.05.012

Abstract

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of different Bacillus probiotics on growth performance and ammonia emission from excreta of broilers and discussed its possible mechanism. Eight hundred and forty 1-day-old Lingnan yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 3 replicates. The broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with virginiamycin and roxarsone, and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with Clostridium butyricum (Clostridium butyricum group, CBG), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis group, BLG) or B. subtilis (B. subtilis group, BSG), respectively. The experiment lasted for 50 days, including a starter period (1 to 21 days of age) and a finisher period (22 to 50 days of age). The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers in BLG and BSG were significantly increased (P<0.05) and there was an increasing trend in the ratio of feed to gain (P>0.05) during the starter period. There were no significant differences in all the indices about growth performance during the whole and finisher period between experimental groups and the control group (P>0.05), but those in CBG were the best. 2) The number of Coliforms, total aerobe, total anaerobe and pH of caecum in the experimental groups were not affected (P>0.05), but the number of Lactobacillus was increased significantly in CBG at 21 and 50 days of age (P<0.05); pH of caecum and feces in CBG was the lowest among all groups. 3) Anthine oxidase activity and uric acid content in serum in experimental groups were increased whereas the serum urea nitrogen content was decreased to a certain extent, furthermore, uric acid content in caecum and feces in experimental groups were decreased whereas urea nitrogen content in feces was increased to a certain extent; fecal ammonia nitrogen content in BLG and BSG was significantly increased at 50 days of age (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in that between CBG and the control group (P>0.05). 4) There was no significant difference in ammonia emission from excreta among all groups at 12, 19 and 25 days of age (P>0.05), and the NH₃ loss in BSG was the highest of all groups and that in CBG tended to reduce at 33, 40 and 47 days of age compared with the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, Bacillus probiotics can regulate the intestinal miroflora, affect the nitrogen metabolism in vivo and decrease pH of caecum and feces, and C. butyricum can reduce the ammonia emission from excreta and come out to be the best probiotic in the present study.

Key words： Bacillus; broilers; growth performance; ammonia emission; mechanism

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