本试验旨在研究泌乳母猪饲粮添加不同水平L-精氨酸(L-Arg)对泌乳母猪生产性能、血清氨基酸浓度和免疫生化指标的影响。选择32头2胎体重相近的健康母猪(长白×大约克),随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。4组母猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.8%、1.0%和1.2%L-Arg的饲粮,正式试验期从母猪分娩当天开始到仔猪21日龄断奶结束。试验期21 d。结果表明:试验第10天和第18天,除0.8%L-Arg组泌乳母猪血清鸟氨酸浓度与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)外,饲粮添加不同水平L-Arg均显著或极显著提高了泌乳母猪血清中精氨酸、鸟氨酸和脯氨酸的浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中1.0%L-Arg、1.2%L-Arg组的效果最好;第10天和第18天,饲粮添加不同水平L-Arg对泌乳母猪血清中总蛋白浓度影响不显著(P>0.05),但能显著提高其血清中白蛋白、免疫球蛋白M和免疫球蛋白G浓度(P<0.05),显著降低尿素氮浓度(P<0.05),其中1.0%L-Arg组尿素氮浓度最低,但3个L-Arg添加组之间血清免疫生化指标均差异不显著(P>0.05);饲粮添加不同水平L-Arg显著提高了仔猪断奶窝重、断奶均重、平均日增重(P<0.05),其中1.0%L-Arg组提高最多,但3个L-Arg添加组之间也差异不显著(P>0.05)。1.0%L-Arg组母猪断奶后的发情间隔比其他3组显著缩短(P<0.05),对照组、0.8%L-Arg组和1.2%L-Arg组母猪断奶后的发情间隔无显著性差异(P>0.05),但有缩短的趋势。回归分析表明,母猪血清中各氨基酸浓度均随饲粮L-Arg添加水平的增加而线性上升(P<0.05),但母猪生产性能和血清免疫生化指标与饲粮L-Arg添加水平的回归关系不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加L-Arg可提高泌乳母猪血清中部分氨基酸浓度、改善泌乳母猪的新陈代谢和免疫机能,在提高仔猪生长性能同时缩短了母猪断奶后的发情间隔。在本试验条件下,泌乳母猪饲粮L-Arg最适添加量为1.0%。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation on performance, serum amino acid concentrations and immune biochemical indexes of lactating sows. A total of 32 healthy Yorkshire譒andrace sows (2 parities) with similar body weight were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 sow per replicate. The sows were fed a basal diet added with 0 (control group), 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2% L-Arg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days, which was from delivery day to day 21 of lactation (weanling).The results showed as follows: on day 10 and day 18 of the experiment, except that there was no significant difference in serum ornithine concentration between 1.0% L-Arg group and the control group (P>0.05), L-Arg supplementation significantly increased serum arginine, ornithine and proline concentrations of lactating sows (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and there were the best results in 1.0% and 1.2% L-Arg groups among all groups. Total protein concentration in serum of lactating sows was not significantly affected by L-Arg supplementation on day 10 and day 18 of the experiment (P>0.05). However, on day 10 and day 18 of the experiment, the concentrations of albumin, IgM and IgG in serum of lactating sows in L-Arg groups were significantly increased (P<0.05) and serum urea nitrogen concentration of lactating sows was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05), and serum urea nitrogen concentration in 1.0% L-Arg group was the lowest among all groups, but there was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen concentration among L-Arg groups (P>0.05). Weaning litter weight, piglet weight at weanling and average daily gain were significantly increased with the supplementation of L-Arg to lactating sows (P<0.05), and those in 1.0% L-Arg group were the highest among all groups, but there were no significant differences among L-Arg groups (P>0.05). The interval days from weanling to estrus of sows in 1.0% L-Arg group were significantly shorter than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among the control group, 0.8% L-Arg group and 1.2% L-Arg group (P>0.05), but those had a increasing tendency as dietary supplemental level of L-Arg increased. Regression analysis showed that serum amino acid concentrations of sows were increased linearly with the increase of dietary L-Arg supplemental level (P<0.05), but performance and serum immune biochemical indexes of sows were not significant regression relation with dietary L-Arg supplemental level (P>0.05). In conclusion, L-Arg supplementation can improve partial amino acid concentrations, metabolism and immune function of lactating sows so as to get a better growth performance of suckling piglets and get shorter interval days from weanling to estrus of sows. In this experiment, the optimal supplemental level in the diets for lactating sows is 1.0%.