本试验旨在研究饲料中添加氧化三甲胺(TMAO)对哲罗鱼生长性能、肌肉成分、消化道脂肪酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用初重为(4.15±0.15) g的哲罗鱼1 800尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复100尾。6组试验鱼分别饲喂含0(对照组)、0.02%、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.50% TMAO的试验饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:饲料中添加0.02%~0.20% TMAO后,哲罗鱼的增重率显著升高(P<0.05),当添加量为0.05%时达最大值。饲料中添加0.02%~0.50% TMAO后显著降低了哲罗鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量以及血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.05),而对肌肉水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量,肌肉氨基酸组成及含量以及血清葡萄糖含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。前肠+幽门盲囊和后肠脂肪酶活性均以添加量为0.02%时为最高,显著高于对照组和0.50%添加组(P<0.05)。哲罗鱼胰腺脂肪酶活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加TMAO影响哲罗鱼生长,改变肌肉成分和消化酶活性,降低血脂水平。以增重率为指标进行折线模型分析,得出TMAO最适添加量为0.025%。
An 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) on growth performance, muscle composition, gastrointestinal lipase activity and serum biochemical indices of taimen (Hucho taimen). A total of 1 800 taimen with initial body weight of (4.15?0.15) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 100 fish per replicate. Fish in the 6 groups were fed 6 experimental diets containing different levels of TMAO, which were 0 (control group), 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.50%, respectively. The results showed as follows: the weight gain rate was significantly increased by 0.02% to 0.20% TMAO supplementation (P<0.05), and it had the maximum value when the supplementation was 0.05%. Supplementation of 0.02% to 0.50% TMAO significantly decreased the crude lipid content in muscle and the contents of cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in serum (P<0.05), but did not significantly affect the contents of moisture, crude protein and ash in muscle, amino acid composition and content in muscle, and serum glucose content (P>0.05). The lipase activity in foregut+pyloric caecum and hindgut in 0.02% supplementation group had the highest value, and was significantly higher than that in the control group and 0.50% supplementation group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pancreas lipase activity among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, TMAO supplementation can affect growth, change muscle composition and digestive enzyme activities, and decrease serum lipid contents of taimen. With weight gain rate as the index, the optimum TMAO supplementation is 0.025% based on the broken-line model analysis.
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