本试验旨在研究博落回提取物(Macleaya cordata extract,MCE)对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选用体重、胎次、泌乳量、产仔数相近,健康的PIC五元杂交母猪所产的60头35日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头仔猪。对照组饲喂未添加MCE的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2.5、5.0、7.5 mg/kg MCE的试验饲粮,土霉素组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg土霉素的试验饲粮。试验期为25 d。考察仔猪生长性能,检测血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性,尿素氮、白蛋白和免疫球蛋白G含量,溶菌酶活性及一氧化氮含量等免疫参数。结果表明:35～60日龄,仔猪平均日增重和料重比随MCE添加水平的提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05);5.0 mg/kg MCE组平均日增重和平均日采食量显著高于对照组和土霉素组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组、土霉素组和7.5 mg/kg MCE组(P<0.05)。60日龄时,5.0、7.5 mg/kg MCE组血清谷草转氨酶活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),土霉素组血清谷草转氨酶活性极显著低于对照组和5.0、7.5 mg/kg MCE组(P<0.01),但土霉素组血清谷丙转氨酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);5.0 mg/kg MCE组血清尿素氮含量极显著低于对照组、2.5、7.5 mg/kg MCE组和土霉素组(P<0.01)。60日龄时,5.0 mg/kg MCE组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于对照组、2.5、7.5 mg/kg MCE组和土霉素组(P<0.01),而土霉素组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);2.5、5.0 mg/kg MCE组血清一氧化氮含量极显著高于对照组、土霉素组(P<0.01),对照组、7.5 mg/kg MCE组差异不显著(P>0.05),土霉素组血清一氧化氮含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);5.0、7.5 mg/kg MCE组血清溶菌酶活性极显著高于对照组和2.5 mg/kg MCE组(P<0.01),土霉素组血清溶菌酶活性极显著高于对照组、2.5、5.0、7.5 mg/kg MCE组(P<0.01)。结果提示,MCE能够提高断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G、一氧化氮含量和溶菌酶活性,显著改善免疫功能,明显增强断奶仔猪抗病能力,从而改善生长性能,其效果优于土霉素。综合生长性能和血清抗菌指标二次曲线结果,MCE在断奶仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加水平为4.5 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on growth performance and immunity of weaner piglets. A total of 60 piglets weaned at 35 days of age reproduced by PIC hybrid sows with similar body weight, parity, milk yields and litter size were designed randomly to 5 groups, and each had 4 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. Control group was not added the MCE, experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE, respectively, and terramycin group was fed the basal diet with adding 50 mg/kg of terramycin. The duration of the experiment was 25 days. Growth performance, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transanease (GPT) activities, contents of urea nitrogen (UN), albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG), lysozyme (LSZ) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content of piglets were determined, respectively. The results indicated that at 35 to 60 days of age, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of weaner piglets showed a quadratic curve change with the increase of MCE supplementation (P<0.05); average daily gain and average daily feed intake of piglets in 5.0 mg/kg MCE group were significantly higher than those in control group and terramycin group (P<0.05), and feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group, 7.5 mg/kg MCE group and terramycin group (P<0.05). At 60 days of age, serum GOT activity in 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups was extremely significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01), and serum GOT activity in terramycin group was extremely significantly lower than that in control group, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups (P<0.01), but serum GPT activity was extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Serum UN content in 5.0 mg/kg MCE group was extremely significantly lower than that in control group, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups and terramycin group (P<0.01). At 60 days of age, serum IgG content in 5.0 mg/kg MCE group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups and terramycin group (P<0.01). Serum IgG content in terramycin group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Serum NO content in 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg MCE groups was extremely significantly higher than that in control group and terramycin group (P<0.01), and for control group and 7.5 mg/kg MCE group, there were no significant differences (P>0.05). Serum NO content in terramycin group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Serum LSZ activity in 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups was extremely significantly higher than that in control group and 2.5 mg/kg MCE group (P<0.01). Serum LSZ activity in terramycin group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group and 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg MCE groups (P<0.01). It is suggested that the MCE can enhance the contents of serum IgG, NO and LSZ activity, and improve immunity, disease-resistant ability and growth performance of weaner piglets. MCE effects are remarkably superior to terramycin. Based on the results of quadratic curve of growth performance and serum antibacterial indexes, adequate supplementation of MCE in weaner piglet diets is 4.5 mg/kg.