[1] LAPIERRE H,PACHECO D,BERTHIAUME R,et al.What is the true supply of amino acids for a dairy cow?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89:E1-E14.
[2] CHASE L E,HIGGS R J,VANAMBURGH M E.Feeding low crude protein rations to dairy cows-opportunities and challenges[C]//Proceedings of the cornell nutrition conference for feed manufacturers.New York:[s.n.],2009:220-226.
[3] TOERIEN C A,CANT J P.Abundance and phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors in mammary glands of lactating and nonlactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2726-2734.

[4] HAYASHI A A,NONES K,ROY N C,et al.Initiation and elongation steps of mRNA translation are involved in the increase in milk protein yield caused by growth hormone administration during lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(5):1889-1899.

[5] TOERIEN C A,TROUT D R,CANT J P.Nutritional stimulation of milk protein yield of cows is associated with changes in phosphorylation of mammary eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and ribosomal S6 kinase 1[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2010,140(2):285-292.

[6] ATHERTON P J,SMITH K,ETHERIDGE T,et al.Distinct anabolic signalling responses to amino acids in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells[J].Amino Acids,2010,38(5):1533-1539.

[7] SURYAWAN A,ORELLANA R A,FIOROTTO M L,et al.Triennial growth symposium:leucine acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate protein synthesis in neonatal pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(7):2004-2016.

[8] WEIGL L G.Lost in translation:regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis[J].Current Opinion in Pharmacology Pharmacol,2012,12(3):377-382.

[9] MEIJER A J.Amino acids as regulators and components of nonproteinogenic pathways[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133:2057S-2062S.
[10] KIMBALL S R.Regulation of translation initiation by amino acids in eukaryotic cells[J].Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology,2001,26:155-184.
[11] BEQUETTE B J,HANIGAN M D,CALDER A G,et al.Amino acid exchange by the mammary gland of lactating goats when histidine limits milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(4):765-775.

[12] 陈洪菊,屈艺,母得志.mTOR信号通路的生物学功能[J].生命的化学,2010(4):555-561.
[13] AVRUCH J,LONG X M,ORTIZ-VEGA S,et al.Amino acid regulation of TOR complex 1[J].American Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and Metabolism,2009,296(4):E592-E602.
[14] BEUGNET A,TEE A R,TAYLOR P M,et al.Regulation of targets of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling by intracellular amino acid availability[J].Biochemical Journal,2003,372:555-566.
[15] KIMBALL S R,JEFFERSON L S.New functions for amino acids:effects on gene transcription and translation[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2006,83(2):500S-507S.
[16] YOSHIZAWA F.Regulation of protein synthesis by branched-chain amino acids
in vivo[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2004,313(2):417-422.

[17] LI F,YIN Y,TAN B,et al.Leucine nutrition in animals and humans:mTOR signaling and beyond[J].Amino Acids,2011,41(5):1185-1193.

[18] KIMBALL S R,JEFFERSON L S.Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2006,136:227S-231S.
[19] MOSHEL Y,RHOADS R E,BARASH I.Role of amino acids in translational mechanisms governing milk protein synthesis in murine and ruminant mammary epithelial cells[J].Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,2006,98(3):685-700.

[20] APPUHAMY J A,KNOEBEL N A,NAYANANJALIE W A,et al.Isoleucine and leucine independently regulate mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in MAC-T cells and bovine mammary tissue slices[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(3):484-491.

[21] PRIZANT R L,BARASH I.Negative effects of the amino acids Lys,His,and Thr on S6K1 phosphorylation in mammary epithelial cells[J].Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,2008,105(4):1038-1047.

[22] RIUS A G,MCGILLIARD M L,UMBERGER C A,et al.Interactions of energy and predicted metabolizable protein in determining nitrogen efficiency in the lactating dairy cow[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(5):2034-2043.

[23] RIUS A G,APPUHAMY J A,CYRIAC J,et al.Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(7):3114-3127.

[24] HARDIE D G.The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway-new players upstream and downstream[J].Journal of Cell Science,2004,117:5479-5487.
[25] PROUD C G.Signaling to translation:how signal transduction pathways control the protein synthetic machinery[J].Biochemical Journal,2007,403(2):217-234.

[26] PASIAKOS S M,VISLOCKY L M,CARBONE J W,et al.Acute energy deprivation affects skeletal muscle protein synthesis and associated intracellular signaling proteins in physically active adults[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2010,140(4):745-751.

[27] RIUS A G,APPUHAMY J A,CYRIAC J,et al.Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(7):3114-3127.

[28] BURGOS S A,DAI M,CANT J P.Nutrient availability and lactogenic hormones regulate mammary protein synthesis through the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(1):153-161.

[29] APPUHAMY J A,BELL A L,NAYANANJALIE W A,et al.Essential amino acids regulate both initiation and elongation of mRNA translation independent of insulin in MAC-T cells and bovine mammary tissue slices[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(6):1209-1215.

[30] KWIATKOWSKI D J,MANNING B D.Tuberous sclerosis:a GAP at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways[J].Human Molecular Genetics,2005,14:R251-R258.
[31] HARRINGTON L S,FINDLAY G M,GRAY A,et al.The TSC1-2 tumor suppressor controls insulin-PI3K signaling via regulation of IRS proteins[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2004,166(2):213-223.

[32] BIONAZ M,LOOR J J.Gene networks driving bovine mammary protein synthesis during the lactation cycle[J].Bioinformatics and Biology Insights,2011,5:83-98.
[33] POPULO H,LOPES J M,SOARES P.The mTOR signalling pathway in human cancer[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2012,13(2):1886-1918.

[34] MCGUIRE M A,GRIINARI J M,DWYER D A,et al.Role of insulin in the regulation of mammary synthesis of fat and protein[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1995,78(4):816-824.

[35] BEQUETTE B J,KYLE C E,CROMPTON L A,et al.Insulin regulates milk production and mammary gland and hind-leg amino acid fluxes and blood flow in lactating goats[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(1):241-255.

[36] PROUD C G.Regulation of protein synthesis by insulin[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,2006,34:213-216.
[37] BURGOS S A,CANT J P.IGF-1 stimulates protein synthesis by enhanced signaling through mTORC1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2010,38(4):211-221.

[38] SURYAWAN A,ORELLANA R A,NGUYEN H V,et al.Activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is developmentally regulated[J].American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism,2007,293(6):E1597-E1605.
[39] MENZIES K K,LEFEVRE C,MACMILLAN K L,et al.Insulin regulates milk protein synthesis is at multiple levels in the bovine mammary gland[J].Functional & Integrative Genomics,2009,9(2):197-217.

[40] REDPATH N T,FOULSTONE E J,PROUD C G.Regulation of translation elongation factor-2 by insulin via a rapamycin-sensitive signalling pathway[J].The EMBO Journal,1996,15(9):2291-2297.