菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究

宫福臣; 韩梅琳; 杨琼; 李杰; 孙晓红

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.06.031

动物营养学报 >

2013 , Vol. 25 >Issue 6: 1366 - 1374

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.06.031

研究简报 Short Communications

菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究

宫福臣 ,
韩梅琳 ,
杨琼 ,
李杰 ,
孙晓红

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1. 北京市农林科学院,北京 100097;
2. 东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期: 2012-12-17

网络出版日期: 2013-05-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(51278050)

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Comparison of Rumen Degradation Characteristics between Spent Mushroom Substrate and Commonly Used Roughages for Dairy Cows

GONG Fuchen ,
HAN Meilin ,
YANG Qiong ,
LI Jie ,
SUN Xiaohong

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1. Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Received date: 2012-12-17

Online published: 2013-05-15

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摘要

为了系统研究菌糠用作反刍动物饲料的饲用价值,选用3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,通过尼龙袋法对菌糠、羊草、玉米秸的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率进行测定。粗饲料样品在瘤胃中的培养时间分别为0、6、12、24、36、48、72 h。结果表明:3种粗饲料72 h的DM降解率差异不显著(P>0.05),而其有效降解率由高到低依次为菌糠(29.33%)、羊草(27.41%)、玉米秸(23.39%),且前两者显著高于玉米秸(P<0.05)。72 h的CP降解率及其有效降解率以羊草最高,菌糠次之,二者与玉米秸之间差异显著(P<0.05)。玉米秸72 h的NDF降解率虽高于羊草和菌糠(P<0.05),但3种粗饲料的有效降解率均较低,由高到低依次为玉米秸(26.12%)、菌糠(25.72%)、羊草(23.73%),无显著差异(P>0.05)。而72 h的ADF降解率和有效降解率由高到低也依次为玉米秸(25.36%)、菌糠(24.23%)、羊草(21.83%),变化趋势和差异性与NDF降解规律相一致。由此可见,从3种粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看,本试验中菌糠的饲用价值与羊草接近,优于玉米秸,因此菌糠作为新型反刍动物粗饲料资源切实可行。

关键词： 菌糠; 粗饲料; 尼龙袋法; 瘤胃降解特性

本文引用格式

宫福臣 , 韩梅琳 , 杨琼 , 李杰 , 孙晓红 . 菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2013 , 25(6) : 1366 -1374 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.06.031

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the rumen degradation characteristics of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a type of roughage for ruminants. Three Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas were assigned to 3 treatments in a 3?3 Latin square design, and the rumen degradation rates of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Chinese wildrye (CW), corn stover (CS) and SMS were measured using nylon bag method. The culture time of roughages in the rumen was 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The results showed that there were no differences in DM degradation rate among roughages at 72 h, the effective degradability (ED) of DM ranked in the following order: SMS (29.33%)>CW (27.41%)>CS (23.39%), and the ED of SMS and CW was significantly higher than that of CS (P<0.05). Both the CP degradation rate at 72 h and the ED of CP ranked in the following order: CW>SMS>CS, and the CP degradation rate of CW and SMS was significantly higher than that of CS (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in NDF degradation rate at 72 h between CS and other treatments (P<0.05). The ED of NDF in treatments was low, ranked in the following order: CS (26.12%)>SMS (25.72%)>CW (23.73%), and there was no significant difference among three treatments (P>0.05). The trend and difference of ADF degradability in treatments were similar to those of NDF, and the ED of ADF ranked in the following order: CS( 25.36%)>SMS (24.23%)>CW (21.83%). In conclusion, seeing from the rumen degradation characteristics of roughages, in this experiment the feeding value of SMS is equivalent with that of CW, but better than that of CS. It is concluded that SMS has a high potential as a new non-conventional feed resource for ruminants.

Key words： spent mushroom substrate; roughage; nylon bag method; rumen degradation characteristics

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