本试验旨在研究饲料蛋能比对翘嘴鲌幼鱼生长性能、肠道和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响。试验设3个蛋白质水平(45%、40%、35%)和3个脂肪水平(5%、8%、11%),配成9种不同蛋能比的试验饲料。选取初始均重为(10.14±0.40) g的翘嘴鲌幼鱼810尾,随机分为9组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别投喂蛋能比为30.94(蛋白质/脂肪=45%/5%,D1)、29.73(蛋白质/脂肪=40%/5%,D2)、28.11(蛋白质/脂肪=35%/5%,D3)、29.03(蛋白质/脂肪=45%/8%,D4)、27.79(蛋白质/脂肪=40%/8%,D5)、26.32(蛋白质/脂肪=35%/8%,D6)、26.90(蛋白质/脂肪=45%/11%,D7)、25.71(蛋白质/脂肪=40%/11%,D8)、23.50 g/MJ(蛋白质/脂肪=35%/11%,D9)的试验饲料8周。结果表明:饲料蛋能比对翘嘴鲌幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、肝体比和肠脂比均有显著影响(P<0.05)。增重率和特定生长率的最大值均出现在D5组,但D5组的特定生长率与D4、D6、D7组无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料蛋能比显著影响肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),二者均随饲料蛋能比增加而先升后降。其中,肠道蛋白酶活性以D4组最高,并显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);肝胰脏蛋白酶活性以D7组最高,但与D4、D5、D6组差异不显著(P>0.05)。肠道和肝胰脏脂肪酶活性随饲料蛋能比的改变产生显著变化(P<0.05),但未表现出规律性。各组肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,翘嘴鲌幼鱼饲料适宜蛋能比在26.90~29.03 g/MJ范围内,由二次曲线回归方程得出饲料蛋能比为27.15 g/MJ时的特定生长率最大;考虑到翘嘴鲌幼鱼生长效果和节约蛋白质情况,饲料适宜蛋能比下的蛋白质、脂肪水平应分别为40%、8%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E) on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile topmouth culter, Culter alburnus. Nine experimental diets with different dietary P/E were formulated to contain 3 protein levels (45%, 40% and 35%) and 3 lipid levels (5%, 8% and 11%). A total of 810 juvenile topmouth culter with an initial average body weight of (10.14?3.40) g were randomly divided into 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Fish in the 9 groups were fed the experimental diets with 30.94 (protein/lipid=45%/5%, D1), 29.73 (protein/lipid=40%/5%, D2), 28.11 (protein/lipid=35%/5%, D3), 29.03 (protein/lipid=45%/8%, D4), 27.79 (protein/lipid=40%/8%, D5), 26.32 (protein/lipid=35%/8%, D6), 26.90 (protein/lipid=45%/11%, D7), 25.71 (protein/lipid=40%/11%, D8) and 23.50 g/MJ (protein/lipid=35%/11%, D9) for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed as follows: dietary P/E significantly affected the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SRG), hepatopancreas somatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPR) (P<0.05), and the maximum of WGR and SGR were all found in group D5, but showed no significant difference compared with groups D4, D6 and D7 in SRG (P>0.05). Dietary P/E significantly affected the protease activity in intestine and hepatopancreas (P<0.05), and both of them were firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of dietary P/E. The intestinal protease activity in group D4 had the highest value, and was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05); the hepatopancreas protease activity in group D7 had the highest value, but showed no significant difference compared with groups D4, D5 and D6 (P>0.05). Dietary P/E significantly affected the lipase activity in intestine and hepatopancreas (P<0.05), but the regularity of variations was not so obvious with dietary P/E change. Dietary P/E showed no significant effect on amylase activity in both intestine and hepatopancreas (P>0.05). Through the analysis of growth performance and digestive enzyme activities, it is concluded that the optimum dietary P/E of juvenile topmouth culter is 26.90 to 29.03 g/MJ, and the requirement of dietary P/E for maximum SGR is 27.15 g/MJ, which is determined by the quadratic model regression equation. Considering about the growth performance and protein-spare effect of juvenile topmouth culter, we suggest the dietary protein and lipid levels are 40% and 8% under the optimum dietary P/E, respectively.
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