本试验旨在研究脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,并对75%替代后添加晶体赖氨酸的效果进行研究。试验配制5种等氮(粗蛋白质36.8%)等能(粗脂肪5.5%)饲料,即含10%鱼粉的基础饲料(DSP0),脱脂蚕蛹分别替代基础饲料中25%、50%和75%鱼粉的3种饲料(DSP25、DSP50和DSP75)以及在75%替代基础上添加0.7%的晶体赖氨酸的饲料(DSP75-Lys)。将270尾平均体重为(15.30±2.97) g的建鲤幼鱼随机分为5组,每个组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼。试验期为56 d。结果表明:直接替代组(DSP0、DSP25、DSP50、DSP75组)的末重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、摄食量(FI)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随替代水平的升高逐渐下降,其中DSP75组的FBW显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05),WGR、SGR和PER显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的饲料系数(FCR)随替代水平的升高而逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肥满度(CF)和腹腔脂肪指数(IFI)均随替代水平的升高先降低后升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的比肠长(RGL)随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的全鱼粗蛋白质、水分及肌肉各氨基酸含量组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但DSP75组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),全鱼粗灰分含量显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0、DSP25和DSP50组(P<0.05);直接替代组的血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP50和DSP75组显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肝胰脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP75组显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);随替代水平的升高,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量逐渐降低,肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,但各直接替代组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加晶体赖氨酸后,试验鱼各指标均有所改善,且鱼体粗蛋白质含量还显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),但转氨酶活性及抗氧化指标仍与DSP75组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、体成分及健康状况指标,脱脂蚕蛹可替代建鲤饲料中50%以下的鱼粉,同时添加晶体赖氨酸可提高鱼体的蛋白质沉积水平。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by defatted silkworm pupae (DSP) on growth performance, body composition and health status of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), and also to study the effects of crystalline lysine supplementation under the condition of 75% FM replacement by DSP. Five isonitrogenous (36.8% crude protein) and isoenergetic (5.5% crude lipid) diets were formulated as follows: one basal diet with 10% FM (DSP0), three diets with 25%, 50% and 75% FM replacement by DSP (DSP25, DSP50 and DSP75), and one diet with 0.7% crystalline lysine supplementation in the 75% replacement diet (DSP75-Lys). A total of 270 juvenile Jian carp with an average body weight of (15.30?2.97) g were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 18 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: the final body weight (FBW), weight gaining rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish in the direct replacement groups were decreased with the replacement level increasing. The FBW in DSP75 group was significantly lower than that in DSP0 group (P<0.05) and the WGR, SGR and PER in DSP75 group were significantly lower than those in DSP0 and DSP25 groups (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish in the direct replacement groups was increased with the replacement level increasing, and that in DSP75 group was significantly higher than that in DSP0 and DSP25 groups (P<0.05). The condition factor (CF) and intraperitoneal fat index (IFI) of fish in the direct replacement groups were firstly decreased and then increased with the replacement level increasing, and those in DSP75 group were significantly higher than those in DSP25 group (P<0.05). The relative gut length (RGL) of fish in the direct replacement groups was increased with the replacement level increasing, and that in DSP75 group was significantly higher than that in DSP0 group (P<0.05). No significant differences in the contents of whole body crude protein and moisture, and muscle amino acids were found among all direct replacement groups (P>0.05), but the whole body crude lipid and ash contents in DSP75 group were significantly higher and lower than those in DSP0 group, respectively (P<0.05). The serum alanine transarninase (ALT) activity of fish in the direct replacement groups was increased with the replacement level increasing, and that in DSP75 group was significantly higher than that in DSP0, DSP25 and DSP50 groups (P<0.05). The serum glucose (GLU) content of fish in the direct replacement groups was decreased with the replacement level increasing, and that in DSP50 and DSP75 groups was significantly lower than that in DSP0 group (P<0.05). The hepatopancreas total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity of fish in the direct replacement groups was decreased with the replacement level increasing, and that in DSP75 group was significantly lower than that in DSP0 and DSP25 groups (P<0.05). With the replacement level increasing, the serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and cholesterol (CHOL) contents were decreased and the hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased, but no significant differences were found among all direct replacement groups (P>0.05). The indices mentioned above were improved to a certain degree by crystalline lysine supplementation, and the whole body crude protein in DSP75-Lys was significantly higher than that in DSP0 group (P<0.05), but the transaminase activities and antioxidant indexes had no significant differences between DSP75-Lys and DSP75 groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, it is feasible to substitute 50% FM with DSP in the Jian carp diet, and simultaneous supplementation of crystalline lysine can improve the body protein deposition level.
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