本试验旨在确定中国荷斯坦奶牛饲粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的适宜添加量。选择45头体况、胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量相近的健康中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,采用完全随机区组设计分为5组,每组9头,分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的蒙脱石,测定奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的变化。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:奶牛的日均采食量、产奶量和4%标准乳产量在蒙脱石添加量为0.5%时最高,之后随着蒙脱石添加量的升高而逐渐下降,且添加量为0.5%~2.0%的试验组日均采食量、产奶量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);乳尿素氮和血清尿素氮浓度随着蒙脱石添加量的升高而逐渐下降,且蒙脱石添加量为0.5%时乳体细胞数最低,乳脂率最高;蒙脱石对饲料转化效率及其他乳成分和血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下(霉菌毒素含量在安全范围内),奶牛饲粮中霉菌毒素吸附剂蒙脱石的安全添加量为2.0%以内;为达到预防霉菌毒素目的,同时从经济成本角度考虑,推荐添加量为0.5%。
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal supplemental level of montmorillonite, which was used as a mycotoxin absorbent, in diets for lactating Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five healthy Holstein dairy cows, similarly in body condition, parity, days in lactation and milk yield, were allocated into five groups in a randomized complete block design with nine cows per group. Cows were supplemented with montmorillonite at 0 (control group), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% in the basal diet. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: average daily feed intake (ADFI), milk yield and 4% FCM yield were the highest in 0.5% group, then those indices were decreased with the increase of montmorillonite supplemental level, while there were no significant differences in ADFI and milk yield among 0.5% to 2.0% groups and control group (P>0.05); with the increase of montmorillonite supplemental level, milk and serum urea nitrogen conents was decreased, and 0.5% group had the lowest milk somatic cell counts and the highest milk fat percentage; feed efficiency and other milk and serum indices were not significantly affected by montmorillonite (P>0.05). Results of the present study (mycotoxin contents were in security range) indicate that the safe supplemental level of montmorillonite is within 2.0%, and 0.5% is the recommended level for prevention of mycotoxins in diets for dairy cows by consideration of costs.
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