本试验旨在研究不同水平酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠黏膜结构及肠道菌群的影响。选取240只1日龄健康、体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ~Ⅵ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%和0.25%酵母培养物的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)Ⅴ、Ⅵ组肉仔鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),各组料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05)。2)Ⅴ组肉仔鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),隐窝深度显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)。3)Ⅴ组空肠、回肠和盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),各组双歧杆菌数量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。结果提示,酵母培养物可调节肠道菌群和改善肠黏膜结构,进而提高生长性能。本试验条件下,1~21日龄肉仔鸡饲粮酵母培养物的适宜添加水平为0.20%。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast culture on growth performance, intestinal mucosal structure and intestinal microflora of broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The chicks in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed with a basal diet, and those in experimental groups (groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25% yeast culture, respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain and average feed intake in groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in feed/gain among all groups (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum in group Ⅴ were significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the crypt depth was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). 3) The number of Escherichia coli in jejunum, ileum and cecum in group Ⅴ was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), while the number of Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the number of Bifidobacterium among all groups (P>0.05). The results indicate that yeast culture has the functions of regulating intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal structure, and improving the growth performance. The appropriate supplemental level of yeast culture of broilers aged 1 to 21 days is 0.20% under the condition of this experiment.
[1] 高俊.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡的作用及其机理.博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2008:1-2.
[2] JENSENA G S,PATTERSON K M,YOON I.Yeast culture has anti-infiammatory effects and specifically activates NK cells [J].Comparative Immunology,Microbiology & Infectious Diseases,2008,6(31):487-500.
[3] 周联高,章世元,王喜之,等.酵母培养物对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(20):14-16.
[4] TRIPATHI M K,KARIM S A.Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on growth performance,nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs [J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,155:163-171.
[5] 孙满吉,刘彩娟,张永根,等.直接饲喂酵母培养物对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1390-1395.
[6] TRIPATHI M K,KARIM S A.Effect of yeast cultures supplementation on live weight change,rumen fermentation,ciliate protozoa population,microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb [J].Livestock Science,2011,135:17-25.
[7] 张爱忠,卢德勋,刘大程.酵母培养物对绒山羊机体免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(2):163-169.
[8] VAN DER PEET-SCHWERING C M C,JANSMAN A J M,SMIDT H,et al.Effects of yeast culture on performance,gut integrity,and blood cell composition of weanling pigs [J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85:3099-3109.
[9] 刘观忠,赵国先,安胜英,等.YC对蛋雏鸡生产性能、肠壁结构及免疫机能的影响[J].山东家禽,2004(10):10-13.
[10] SHEN Y B,PIAO X S,KIM S W.Effects of yeast culture supplementation on the growth performance,intestinal health,and immune response of nursery pigs [J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:2614-2624.
[11] 安胜英,刘观忠,赵国先,等.酵母培养物对蛋雏鸡生产性能及肠道菌群的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(12):24-26.
[12] 武书庚,刘质彬,齐广海,等.酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(2):365-371.
[13] 王东明.酵母培养物对肉鸡消化与免疫调节影响的研究.硕士学位论文.长春:吉林农业大学,2007:31-55.
[14] 李洪龙,董艺凝,孙明梅.YC对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2006(13):19-20.
[15] 张连忠.酵母培养物对雏鸡生长性能,免疫器官发育和血清相关激素的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):33-37.
[16] 马明颖,胡光林,崔贞爱,等.糖萜素和酵母培养物对雏鸡生长性能及免疫器官的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(1):37-39.
[17] 李路胜.酵母培养物对肉鸡生产性能和饲料利用率的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,38(4):33-37.
[18] 林丽超,黄得纯,杨承忠.酵母培养物对肉鸭生长性能和肠道菌群影响的研究[J].养禽和禽病防治,2010(8):16-18.
[19] 周淑芹.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡的作用.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2003:19-41.
[20] 王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(7):18-21.
[21] SANTIN E,MAIORKA A,MACARI M.Performance and intestinal mucosa development of broiler chickens fed diets containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2001,10:236-244.
[22] ZHANG A W,LEE B D,LEE S K,et al.Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance,meat quality,and ileac mucosa development of broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,2005,84:1015-1021.
[23] 于素红.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及代谢机理研究.硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008:21-39.
[24] SIMS M D,DAWSON K A,NEWMAN K E.Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide bacitracin methylene disalicylate,or both on the live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(7):1148-1154.
[25] 邬小兵,乐国伟,施用晖.肉仔鸡日粮外源核苷酸营养作用初探[J].中国畜牧杂志,2001,37(5):15-17.
[26] MARTINEZ-PUIG D,MANZANILLA E G,MORALES J,et al.Dietary nucleotide supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,108:276-279.
[27] MOORE K L,MULLAN B P,PLUSKE J R,et al.The use of nucleotides,vitamins and functional amino acids to enhance the structure of the small intestine and circulating measures of immune function in the post-weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,165:184-190.
[28] 王友明,刘波静,王雷杰.外源核苷酸对动物的作用及其在养猪生产中应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001(3):39-40.
[29] STANLEY V G,WINSMAN M,DUNKLEY C,et al.The impact of yeast culture residue on the suppression of dietary aflatoxin on the performance of broiler breeder hens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2004,13:533-539.
[30] 曾正清,谢幼梅,穆奎.酵母饲料对肉仔鸡肠道菌群及免疫机能的影响[J].山东畜牧兽医,2001(5):11-13.
[31] ZDUNCZYK Z,JUSKIEWICZ J,JANKOWSKI J,et al.Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys to diets with different levels of mannan oligosaccharide[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(6):903-909.
[32] SPRING P,WENK C,DAWSON K A,et al.The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella- challenged broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,2000,279:205-211
[33] 阎桂玲,袁建敏,呙于明,等.啤酒酵母甘露寡糖对肉鸡肠道微生物及免疫机能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(6):85-90.
[34] 高启禹,徐光翠,李小英,等.寡糖对SPF大鼠生长性能及肠道菌群的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009(19):96-97.
京公网安备 11010802041926号