本试验旨在研究饲料中添加甘露聚糖酶对罗非鱼生长性能、消化代谢和非特异性免疫力的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、500、1 000 U/kg的甘露聚糖酶,配制3种等氮(粗蛋白质水平为33.5%)等能(总能为15.7 MJ/kg)的试验饲料,分别投喂平均体重为(5.80±0.01) g的吉富罗非鱼(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)8周。每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明:1 000 U/kg组罗非鱼的末重、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于其他组(P＜0.05)。各组罗非鱼的饲料系数(FCR)、摄食量(FI)、成活率(SR)差异不显著(P＞0.05)。随饲料中甘露聚糖酶添加水平的增加,罗非鱼肠道淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、Na+,K+-ATP酶的活性显著升高(P＜0.05)。1 000 U/kg组罗非鱼血液谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于对照组和500 U/kg组(P＜0.05),而总胆固醇(TC)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)含量却显著高于对照组和500 U/kg组(P＜0.05)。各组罗非鱼血液谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性、甘油三酯(TG)含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量和白细胞总数以及血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。500和1 000 U/kg组罗非鱼血液中性粒细胞、单核细胞百分比以及血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而淋巴细胞百分比却显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适宜水平的甘露聚糖酶可以提高罗非鱼的消化吸收能力,增强非特异性免疫力,进而促进其生长。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mannase supplementation on growth performance, digestion and metabolism, and non-specific immunity of tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Three isonitrogenous (crude protein level was 33.5%) and isoenergetic (gross energy was 15.7 MJ/kg) experimental diets were foumulated by supplementing with 0 (control), 500 and 1 000 U/kg mannase, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed one group of fish with an initial average weight of (5.80±0.01) g for 8 weeks. Each group had 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate. The results showed as follows: the final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of tilapia in the 1 000 U/kg group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P＜0.05). No significant differences were found in feed conversation ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI) and survival rate (SR) among all groups (P＞0.05). With the increase of mannase supplemental level, the amylase, trypsase and Na+,K+-ATPase activities in intestine of tilapia were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The aspertate aminotransferase (AST) activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in blood of tilapia in the 1 000 U/kg group were significantly lower than those in the control group and 500 U/kg group (P<0.05), but the total cholesterol (TC) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) contents were significantly higher than those in the control group and 500 U/kg group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, total triglyceride (TG) content, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content and white blood cell (WBC) count in blood, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in serum among all groups (P＞0.05). The percentages of neutrophils and moncytes in blood and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and catalase (CAT) in serum in the 500 and 1 000 U/kg groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05), but the percentage of lymphocyte in blood was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). These results indicate that a suitable level of mannase supplementation can improve the ability of digestion and metabolism, enhance the non-specific immunity, and then promote the growth of tilapia.
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