本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与淀粉比例饲粮对生长肉兔生产性能、盲肠发酵及胃肠道发育的影响.选用平均体重相近的35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔200只,随机分成4组,每组50只,分别饲喂NDF与淀粉比例为2.3(NDF,336 g/kg DM;淀粉,145 g/kg DM;Ⅰ组)、1.9(NDF,306 g/kg DM;淀粉,164 g/kg DM;Ⅱ组)、1.4(NDF,273 g/kg DM;淀粉,192 g/kg DM;Ⅲ组)和1.0(NDF,250 g/kg DM;淀粉,250 g/kg DM;Ⅳ组)的试验饲粮.预试期7 d,正试期40 d.结果表明:饲粮NDF与淀粉比例对试兔平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)影响显著(P<0.05),对平均日采食量(ADFI)无显著影响(P>0.05).随着NDF水平降低和淀粉水平的升高,ADG先升高后降低,以Ⅱ组最高,为23.59 g/d;F/G先降低后升高,以Ⅱ组最低,为2.93.试兔平均腹泻天数随饲粮NDF水平升高而极显著降低(P<0.01).Ⅱ组试兔的胃重、小肠重、盲肠重以及小肠长度均为最高(长),且饲粮NDF与淀粉比例对胃重、小肠重的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05).饲粮NDF与淀粉比例对盲肠内容物丙酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对pH、氨态氮浓度、乙酸含量和丁酸含量及乙酸/(丙酸+丁酸)无显著影响(P>0.05).Ⅱ和Ⅲ组盲肠内容物丙酸含量显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05).饲粮NDF与淀粉比例对试兔十二指肠绒毛高度有极显著的影响(P<0.01),对试兔十二指肠隐窝深度及绒毛高度/隐窝深度无显著影响(P>0.05).以Ⅱ组试兔的十二指肠绒毛长度最长,达到851.02 μm,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01).综合本试验测定指标,生长肉兔饲粮适宜的NDF水平为305.7 g/kg DM,淀粉水平为163.8 g/kg DM,NDF与淀粉比例为1.9.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF)/starch ratio diets on performance, caecum fermentation and gastrointestinal development of growing rabbits. A total of 200 35-day-old weanling rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 50 replicates in each group, and they were fed diets with the ratios of NDF/starch were 2.3 (NDF, 336 g/kg DM; starch, 145 g/kg DM; group Ⅰ), 1.9 (NDF,306 g/kg DM; starch, 164 g/kg DM; group Ⅱ), 1.4 (NDF, 273 g/kg DM; starch, 192 g/kg DM; group Ⅲ) and 1.0 (NDF, 250 g/kg DM; starch, 250 g/kg DM; group Ⅳ), respectively. The trial lasted for 7 days for adaptation, and 40 days for experiment. The results showed as follows: the ratio of NDF/starch had significant influences on average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) (P<0.05), but had no significant influence on average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P>0.05). With the NDF level decreasing and starch level increasing, the ADG was firstly increased and then decreased, while the F/G had an opposite change, and the largest ADG (23.59 g/d) and the lowest F/G (2.93) were found in group Ⅱ. Average diarrhea day of trial rabbits was significantly decreased with the NDF level increasing (P<0.01). The values of stomach weight (SW), small intestine weight (SIW), caecum weight (CW) and small intestine length (SIL) in group Ⅱ were all the largest (longest) among all groups, and the ratio of NDF/starch had a significant influences on SW and SIW (P<0.05). The ratio of NDF/starch had a significant influence on propionic acid content in cecal digesta (P<0.05), but had no significant influence on pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, acetic acid content, butyric acid content and acetic acid/(propionic acid+butyric acid) in cecal digesta (P>0.05). The propionic acid content in cecal digesta in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). The ratio of NDF/starch had significant influence on duodenum villous height (P<0.01), but had no significant influence on duodenum and villous height/crypt depth (P>0.05). And duodenum villous height was the longest in groupⅡ (851 μm), which was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.01). Based on a comprehensive consideration of measured indices, the appropriate NDF level, starch level and NDF/starch ratio in the diet of growing rabbits are 305.7 g/kg DM, 163.8 g/kg DM and 1.9, respectively.
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