本试验应用Rusitec系统研究壳聚糖对体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响.发酵体系由400 mL瘤胃液、400 mL缓冲液、70 g瘤胃内容物和20 g饲粮(装于尼龙袋内,精粗比为40:60)组成,采用单因子完全随机设计将Rusitec系统的发酵罐分为4个处理,壳聚糖的添加量分别为0(对照组)、500、1 000、1 500 mg,每个添加量2个罐,重复进行2期试验,即每个处理4个重复,每个重复1个罐,每期预试期7 d,正试期2 d.检测甲烷产量、产气量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度及养分降解率的变化.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,500、1 000、1 500 mg组甲烷产量分别降低了17.71%、31.67%、50.37%,差异显著(P<0.05).2)添加壳聚糖显著降低了各时间点乙酸和丁酸浓度以及乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),显著提高了丙酸浓度(P<0.05);添加壳聚糖显著降低了总氮、氨态氮、尿素氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高了微生物氮浓度(P<0.05).3)1 000、1 500 mg组粗蛋白质降解率显著低于对照组(P<0.05).4)甲烷产量,总氮、氨态氮、尿素氮、微生物氮、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度,乙酸/丙酸以及粗蛋白质降解率与壳聚糖添加量间呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05).由此可知,壳聚糖能改变瘤胃微生物发酵模式,提高发酵液丙酸浓度,降低乙酸浓度,减少甲烷生成,提高能量利用,同时减少蛋白质在瘤胃中的降解.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of chitosan on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics using Rusitec system. The fermentation system consisted of 400 mL rumen fluid, 400 mL buffer, 70 g rumen content and 10 g diet (concentrate:roughage=40:60). Fermenters were divided into four treatments by a single-factor completely randomized design, and chitosan supplemental levels of the four treatments were 0 (control group), 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg, respectively. Two fermenters were used for each chitosan supplemental level, and the experiment consisted of two repeated trials, i.e., and there were four replicates in each treatment and one fermenter per replicate. After a 7-day pre-trial period, fermentation parameters including methane yield, gas production, volatile fatty acid concentration and nutrient degradation rates were determined in a 2-day trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with control group, methane yield in 500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg groups was significantly decreased by 17.71%, 31.67% and 50.37%, respectively (P<0.05). 2) The supplementation of chitosan significantly decreased the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid, and acetic acid to acrylic acid ratio (P<0.05), but significantly increased propionic acid concentration (P<0.05); the supplementation of chitosan significantly decreased the concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and urea nitrogen (P<0.05), but significantly increased microbe nitrogen concentration (P<0.05). 3) Compared with control group, crude protein degradation rate in 1 000 and 1 500 mg groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) Methane yield, the concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, microbe nitrogen, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, acetic acid to propionic acid ratio, and crude protein degradation rate were significantly linearly correlated with chitosan supplemental level (P<0.05). In conclusion, chitosan can modify rumen microorganism fermentation pattern, improve propionic acid concentration in fermentation fluid, reduce acetic acid concentration and methane yield, improve energy utilization, and abate degradation of protein in rumen.
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