[1] WINTERBOURN C C.Reconciling the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species[J].Natural Chemical Biology,2008,5:278-286.
[2] NORDBERG J,ARNÉR E S.Reactive oxygen species,antioxidants,and the mammalian thioredoxibn system[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine,2011,31(11):1287-1312.
[3] KUNWAR A,PRIYADARSINI K I.Free radicals,oxidative stress and importance of antioxidants in human health[J].Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences,2011,1(2):53-60.
[4] BRANDES R P,JANISZEWSKI M.Direct detection of reactive oxygen species
ex vivo[J].Kidney International,2005,67:1662-1664.

[5] HALLIWELL B,WHITEMAN M.Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage
in vivo and in cell culture:how should you do it and what the results mean?[J]British Journal of Pharmacology,2004,142:231-255.
[6] 林金明,屈锋,单孝全.活性氧测定的基本原理与方法[J].分析化学,2002,12(30):1507-1514.
[7] CAMERA E,PICARDO M.Analytical methods to investigate glutathione and related compounds in biological and pathological processes[J].Journal of Chromatography B:Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences,2002,781(1/2):181-206.

[8] TARPEY M,WINK D,GRISHAM M.Methods for detection of reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen:
in vitro and
in vivo considerations[J].American Journal of Physiology:Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology,2004,286:431-444.

[9] PALMIERI B,SBLENDORIO V.Oxidative stress tests:overview on reliability and use[J].European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Science,2007,11(5):309-342.
[10] LU C,SONG G,LIN J.Reactive oxygen species and their chemiluminescence-detection methods[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2006,25:985-995.

[11] MASSEY V.The microestimation of succinate and the extinction coefficient of cytochrome C[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1959,34:255-256.

[12] MARGARET M,TARPEY,IRWIN F.Methods of detection of vascular reactive species:nitric oxide,superoxide,hydrogen peroxide,and peroxynitrite[J].Circulation Research,2001,89:224-236.

[13] SERGEY D,KATHY K,DAVID G H.Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies[J].Hypertension,2007,49:717-727.

[14] THOMAS M,IGOR B A,ANDREI L K,et al.Detection of superoxide in vascular tissue[J].Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology,2002,22:1761-1768.

[15] CHOI H S,KIM J W,CHA Y N,et al.A quantitativenitroblue tetrazolium assay for determining intracellular superoxidenion production in phagocytic cells[J].Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry,2006,27:31-44.

[16] OZLEM T,JEREMY T,KELTON T.Development of the NBT assay as a marker of sperm oxidative stress[J].International Journal of Andrology,2010,33:13-21.

[17] BARTOSZ G.Use of spectroscopic probes for detection of reactive oxygen species[J].Clinica Chimica Acta,2006,368:53-76.

[18] ASHOK A.Chemiluminescence technique for measuring reactive oxygen species[J].Biology Medicine,2004,9(4):466-468.
[19] ESFANDIARI N,SHARMA R K,SALEH R A,et al.Utility of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test for assessment of reactive oxygen species production by seminal leukocytes and spermatozoa[J].Journal of Andrology,2003,24:862-870.
[20] 杜丹.高糖日粮对小鼠消化系统自由基和抗氧化能力的影响[D].博士学位论文.无锡:江南大学,2008.
[21] PALO A.Luminol-enhanced assay for superoxide anion(O
2-·)[M].La Jolla,CA:Agilent Technologies,2009.
[22] KOBAYASHI H,GIL-GUZMAN E, M.MAHRAN A,et al.Quality control of reactive oxygen species measurement by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay[J].Journal of Andrology,2001,22:568-574.
[23] GLEU K,PETSCH W.Additional information how to cite[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,1935,48:57-59.
[24] 黄荣富.活性氧化学发光分析特性研究[D].硕士学位论文.西安:陕西师范大学,2007.
[25] CASTRO M M,RIZZI E,RODRIGUES G J,et al.Antioxidant treatment reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2-induced vascular changes in renovascular hypertension[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2009,46:1298-1307.

[26] LIOCHEV S I,FRIDOVICH I.Lucigenin (bis-N-methylacridinium) as amediator of superoxide anion production[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1997,337:115-120.

[27] TARPEY M M,FRIDOVICH I.Methods of detection of vascular reactive species:nitric oxide,superoxide,hydrogen peroxide,and peroxynitrite[J].Circulation Research,2001,89:224-236.

[28] MCKINNEY K A,LEWIS S E,THOMPSON W.Reactive oxygen species generation in human sperm:luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence probes[J].Archives of Andrology,1996,36:119-125.

[29] NAKANO M.Determination of superoxide radical and singlet oxygenbased on chemiluminescence of luciferin analogs[J].Methods in Enzymology,1990,186:585-591.

[30] HINK U,LI H,MOLLNAU H,et al.Mechanis msunderlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus[J].Circulation Research,2001,88:14-22.

[31] TERANISHI K,SHIMOMURA O.Coelenterazine analogs as chemiluminescentprobe for superoxide anion[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1997,249:37-43.

[32] DUERRSCHMIDT N,WIPPICH N,GOETTSCH W,et al.Endothelin-1 induces NAD(P)H oxidase in human endothelialcells[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000,269:713-717.

[33] LUCAS M,SOLANO F.Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe:its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burstin neutrophils[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1992,206:273-277.

[34] RAHA S,MCEACHERN G E,MYINT A T,et al.Superoxidesfrom mitochondrial complex Ⅲ:the role of manganese superoxidedismutase[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,2000,29:170-180.

[35] NAKANO M,SUGIOKA K,USHIJIMA Y.Chemiluminescenceprobe with
Cypridina luciferin analog,2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-α] pyrazin-3-one,for estimating the ability of human granulocytesto generate O
2-[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1986,159:363-369.

[36] ISHII M,SHIMIZU S,YAMAMOTO T.Acceleration of oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell death by nitricoxide synthase dysfunction accompanied with decrease in tetrahydrobiopterincontent[J].Life Science,1997,61:739-747.

[37] SKATCHKOV M P,SPERLING D,HINK U.Quantification of superoxide radical formation in intact vascular tissueusing a cypridina luciferin analog as an alternative to lucigenin[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1998,248:382-386.

[38] UEHARA K,MARUYAMA N,HUANG C K.The firstapplication of a chemiluminescence probe,2-methyl-6- -3,7-dihydroimidazo pyrazin-3-one (MCLA),for detecting O
2- production,
in vitro,from Kupffer cells stimulated by phorbol myristateacetate[J].Febs Letters,1993,335:167-170.

[39] SAITOH D,KADOTA T,OKADA Y.Direct evidence for the occurrence of superoxide radicals in the smallintestine of the burned rat[J].American Journal Emergency Medicine,1995,13:37-40.
[40] USHIRODA S,MARUYAMA Y,NAKANO M.Continuous detection of superoxide in situ during ischemia and reperfusion in the rabbit heart[J].Japanese Heart Journal,1997,38:91-105.

[41] TARPEY M M,WHITE C R,SUAREZ E,et al.Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue:lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation[J].Circulation Research,1999,84:1203-1211.

[42] GOMES A,FERNANDES E,LIMA J L F C.Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species[J].Journal Biochemical and Biophysical Methods,2005,65:45-80.

[43] NOBUAKI S.Recent advances in fluorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2006,386:532-543.

[44] KESTON A S,BRANDT R.The fluorometric analysis of ultramicro quantities of hydrogen peroxide[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1965,1:1-5.
[45] CROW J P.Dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite
in vitro:implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species[J].Nitric Oxide:Biology and Chemistry,1997,1(2):145-157.

[46] WANG H,JOSEPH J A.Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,1999,27:612-617.

[47] ZHU H,BANNENBERG G L,MOLDEUS P.Oxidation pathways for the intracellular probe 2V,7V-dichlorofluorescein[J].Archives Toxicology,1994,68:582-587.

[48] HEMPEL S L,BUETTNER G R,O’MALLEY Y Q.Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants:comparison with 2V,7V-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,5(and 6)-carboxy-2V,7V-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,and dihydrorhodamine 123[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,1999,27:146-159.

[49] WRONA M,PATEL K,WARDMAN P.Reactivity of 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 and their oxidized forms toward carbonate,nitrogen dioxide,and hydroxyl radicals[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,2005,38(2):262-270.

[50] BINDOKAS V P,JORDAN J,LEE C C.Superoxide production in rat hippocampal neurons:selective imaging with hydroethidine[J].Neuroscience,1996,16:1324-1336.
[51] BENOV L,SZTEJNBERG L,FRIDOVICH I.Critical evaluation of the use of hydroethidine as a measure of superoxide anion radical[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,1998,25:826-831.

[52] WALRAND S,VALEIX S,RODRIGUEZ C,et al.Flow cytometry study of polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxidative burst: a comparison of three fluorescent probes[J].Clinica Chimica Acta,2003,331:103-110.

[53] CARTER W O,NARAYANAN P K,ROBINSON J P.Intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion detection in endothelial cells[J].Journal of Leukocyte Biology,1994,55:253-258.
[54] SARAN M,BORS W.Direct and indirect measurements of oxygen radicals[J].Klinische Wochenschrift,1991,69:95-96.

[55] DAMBROVA M,BAUMANE L,KALVINSH I,et al.Improved method for EPR detection of DEPMPO-superoxide radicals by liquid nitrogen freezing[J].Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications,2000,275:895-898.

[56] VASQUEZ-VIVAR J,KALYANARAMAN B,KENNEDY M C.Mitochondrial aconitase is a source of hydroxyl radical.An electron spin resonance investigation[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275:14064-14069.
[57] FREJAVILLE C,KAROUI H,TUCCIO B,et al.5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide: a new efficient phosphorylated nitrone for the
in vitro and
in vivo spin trapping of oxygen-centered radicals[J].Medicinal Chemistry Research,1995,38:258-265.

[58] JANZEN E G.Spin trapping and associated vocabulary[J].Free Radical Research Communications,1990,9:163-167.