亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液pH、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响

敖力格日玛; 双金; 黎明; 侯先志; 闫素梅

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.05.010

动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 5: 1203 - 1213

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.05.010

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液pH、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响

敖力格日玛 ,
双金 ,
黎明 ,
侯先志 ,
闫素梅

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内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院, 呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期: 2013-11-01

网络出版日期: 2014-05-05

基金资助

内蒙古牧区生态高效牧养技术模式研究与示范项目（201003061）

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Effects of Flaxseed on Rumen Fluid pH, Ciliate Number and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Meat Sheep

AO Ligerima ,
SHUANG Jin ,
LI Ming ,
HOU Xianzhi ,
YAN Sumei

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College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

Received date: 2013-11-01

Online published: 2014-05-05

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摘要

本试验旨在研究亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液pH、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响。选取12只体重相近的1岁羯羊，随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复1只羊，对照组饲喂基础饲粮（无亚麻籽），试验组饲喂的亚麻籽分别采用生粒、炒粒、粉碎3种不同的加工方式。试验包括3个连续的4×4拉丁方试验，亚麻籽添加水平分别为75、150和225 g/d。试验期180 d，每个拉丁方试验60 d，其中分为4期，每期15 d。结果表明：1）亚麻籽瘤胃降解率，各发酵时间点粉碎组各养分的瘤胃降解率均极显著高于炒粒组和生粒组（P<0.01）。2）随着饲喂后时间的推移，瘤胃液pH变化基本都经历下降上升再下降再上升的过程；粉碎组>生粒组>炒粒组>对照组；各添加水平的结果呈现225 g/d>150 g/d>75 g/d。3）随着饲喂后时间的推移，瘤胃纤毛虫数量均下降；炒粒组>对照组>生粒组>粉碎组；随着添加水平的增加，总体呈均下降态势。4）饲粮粗脂肪表观消化率为炒粒组>对照组>粉碎组>生粒组，最高为炒粒组，添加水平为225 g/d，而最低的则是生粒组，添加水平为225 g/d；饲粮粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和干物质表观消化率为炒粒组>对照组>生粒组>粉碎组，最高均为炒粒组，添加水平为225 g/d，最低均为粉碎组，添加水平为225 g/d。结果提示，肉羊饲粮中添加亚麻籽，影响瘤胃微生态系统的平衡，从而引起微生物生物氢化率的改变，最终使瘤胃液pH出现波动，而瘤胃液pH的波动反过来也会引起瘤胃微生物（包括纤毛虫）数量及结构的变化，最终改变了瘤胃发酵功能和饲粮养分表观消化率。炒粒处理的亚麻籽在改善肉羊瘤胃发酵环境和提高饲粮养分表观消化率上效果较好。

关键词： 亚麻籽; 瘤胃液pH; 纤毛虫; 降解率; 表观消化率; 肉羊

本文引用格式

敖力格日玛 , 双金 , 黎明 , 侯先志 , 闫素梅 . 亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液pH、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(5) : 1203 -1213 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.05.010

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of flaxseed on rumen fluid pH, ciliate number and nutrient apparent digestibility of meat sheep. Twelve 1-year-old wethers with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates in each group and 1 sheep per replicate. Sheep in control group were fed a basal diet (without flaxseed), and the flaxseed for sheep in experimental groups were processed under three different modes, which were uncooked grain, saute grain and grounding, respectively. The experiment was consisted of three successive 4×4 Latin square tests, and the supplemental levels of flaxseed were 75, 150 and 225 g/d, respectively. The experiment lasted for 180 days with 60 days and four stages (15 days per stage) in each Latin square test. The results showed as follows: 1) considering ruminal flaxseed degradation rate, grinding group at different fermentation time points was all significantly higher than uncooked grain group and saute grain group (P<0.01). 2) Considering rumen fluid pH, with the increase of time after feeding, it showed a tendency of ‘down-up-down-up’; grinding group > uncooked grain group > saute grain group > control group; the supplemental levels showed 225 g/d > 150 g/d > 75 g/d. 3) Considering ciliate number, with the increase of time after feeding, it was decreased; saute grain group > control group > uncooked grain group > grinding group; with the increase of supplemental level, it showed a decreasing tendency. 4) Considering dietary ether extract (EE) apparent digestibility, saute grain group > control group > grinding group > uncooked grain group; the highest value appeared in saute grain group, while the lowest value appeared in uncooked grain group when the supplemental level was 225 g/d; considering the apparent digestibility of dietary crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter, saute grain group > control group>uncooked grain group > grinding group; the highest values appeared in saute grain group, while the lowest values appeared in grinding group when the supplemental level was 225 g/d. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of flaxseed can affect rumen micro-ecosystem balance, and change microbial organisms' bio-hydrogenation rate, eventually cause the fluctuation of rumen fluid pH, which will affect ruminal microorganisms (including ciliate) number and structure, and all these changes can affect ruminal fermentation function and dietary nutrient apparent digestibility. The treatment of saute grain of flaxseed has better effects on improved ruminal fermentation environment and dietary nutrient apparent digestibility of meat sheep.

Key words： flaxseed; rumen fluid pH; ciliate; degradation rate; apparent digestibility; meat sheep

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