饲粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响

臧长江; 潘榕; 郭同军; 王连群; 卜登攀; 周振峰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.12.011

动物营养学报 >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 12: 3625 - 3634

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.12.011

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

饲粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响

臧长江 ,
潘榕 ,
郭同军 ,
王连群 ,
卜登攀 ,
周振峰

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1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
3. 新疆畜牧科学院饲料所, 乌鲁木齐 830000;
4. 塔里木大学动物科学学院, 阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期: 2014-06-20

网络出版日期: 2014-12-05

基金资助

新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室开放课题资助

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Effects of Dietary Cation-Anion Balance on Mineral Metabolism of Dairy Cows in the Condition of Heat Stress

ZANG Changjiang ,
PAN Rong ,
GUO Tongjun ,
WANG Lianqun ,
BU Dengpan ,
ZHOU Zhenfeng

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1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China;
4. College of Animal Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China

Received date: 2014-06-20

Online published: 2014-12-05

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摘要

试验旨在研究饲粮阴阳离子平衡(dietary cation-anion balance,DCAB)对热应激条件下奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取75头健康的泌乳中期[泌乳日龄为(104.8±12.0) d]中国荷斯坦奶牛,根据胎次、产奶量、体重相近的原则随机分为5组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组),分别饲喂DCAB值为195.76、186.68、177.77、166.94、239.12 mEq/kg干物质(DM)的饲粮.试验期为67 d,其中预试期7 d,正式试验期60 d.结果表明:对试验期间环境温湿度的监测结果为温湿指数(THI)>72,奶牛处于热应激状态,奶牛直肠温度对照组最高,Ⅰ组最低,呼吸频率随DCAB值的升高而升高,各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);通过改变饲粮DCAB值,对奶牛乳中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、磷(P)的浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组奶牛乳中钠(Na)的浓度均有不同程度的提高,差异显著(P<0.05),氯(Cl)的浓度显著降低(P<0.05);对奶牛血清中K、Mg、P、Na的浓度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),血清中Ca的浓度随着DCAB值的升高有降低的趋势,而Cl的浓度呈上升趋势;对尿液中K、Ca、Na、Mg的浓度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的Cl的浓度分别提高了33.826%、35.598%,差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别提高了95.421%、76.957%,差异极显著(P<0.01);尿液pH随着饲粮DCAB值的升高而升高,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组相比,显著提高(P<0.05).因此,在热应激条件下,添加阴阳离子平衡盐调整饲粮DCAB值在177.77 mEq/kg DM以下时,对降低奶牛的呼吸频率、缓解热应激、增加血清Ca浓度效果较好,有利于改善奶牛健康状况.

关键词： 饲粮阴阳离子平衡; 热应激; 奶牛; 矿物质代谢

本文引用格式

臧长江 , 潘榕 , 郭同军 , 王连群 , 卜登攀 , 周振峰 . 饲粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2014 , 26(12) : 3625 -3634 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.12.011

Abstract

The trial aimed to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) on mineral metabolism of dairy cows in the condition of heat stress. A total of 75 healthy middle lactation [day in milk was (104.8±12.0) d] China Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design and divided into five groups with similar parity, milk yield and weight, i.e. groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and control. The DCAB value in each group was adjusted by providing with different level cation-anion salt. The DCAB values of those groups were 195.76, 186.68, 177.77, 166.94 and 239.12 mEq/kg DM, respectively. The total duration of the experiment was 67 days, the first 7 days of the experiment was the preliminary period and the formal experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: the temperature humidity index exceeded 72, and the dairy cows were in heat stress. The rectal temperature of dairy cows in control group was the highest, that in group Ⅰ was minimum. The breathing rate was increased with DCAB value increase, but no significant difference was observed among groups (P>0.05). The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, P in milk were not significantly affected by the DCAB value (P>0.05). Compared with the groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the concentration of Na in milk in the groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and control was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentration of Cl was significantly lower (P<0.05). The effects of DCAB value on the concentrations of K, Mg, P, and Na in serum were not significant difference (P>0.05), the concentration of Ca in serum was decreased with DCAB value increase, while the concentration of Cl had a upward trend. The concentrations of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in urine were not significantly affected by DCAB value (P>0.05), compared with the control group, the concentration of Cl in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly increased by 33.826% and 35.598% (P<0.05), and that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly increased by 95.421% and 76.957% (P<0.01). The pH of urine was increased with the DCAB value increase, and compared with groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, there was a significant increase in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and control (P<0.05). Therefore, adding cation-anion balance salt to adjust DCAB values under 177.77 mEq/kg DM can reduce the respiratory rate and relieve heat stress, and increase Ca level in serum of dairy cows, which would improve the health of dairy cows.

Key words： dietary cation-anion balance; heat stress; dairy cow; mineral metabolism

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