C3和C4植物粗料及底物精粗比对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响

陈安; 吴建平; 周传社; 谭支良

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.015

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 1: 112 - 123

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.015

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

C3和C4植物粗料及底物精粗比对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响

陈安 ,
吴建平 ,
周传社 ,
谭支良

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1. 甘肃农业大学, 兰州 730070;
2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125

收稿日期: 2014-07-08

网络出版日期: 2015-01-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(31372342);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B17);中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所青年人才领域项目(ISACX-LYQY-QN-1105);中国科学院科技服务网络计划课题(KFJ-EW-STS-071)

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Effects of C3 and C4 Plants of Roughage and Concentrate to Roughage Ratio of Substrate on in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Goats

CHEN An ,
WU Jianping ,
ZHOU Chuanshe ,
TAN Zhiliang

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1. Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China

Received date: 2014-07-08

Online published: 2015-01-10

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摘要

本试验研究了C3和C4植物粗料及底物精粗比对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响。采用完全随机区组试验设计,选择不同来源的C3(水稻秸秆和苜蓿)和C4植物(玉米秸秆和宽叶雀稗)为粗料,并分别设计3种不同精粗比(40: 60、45: 55和50: 50)的底物,进行48 h的瘤胃体外发酵试验,测定体外产气参数、发酵特性参数、营养物质降解率。结果表明:1)底物粗料选用苜蓿时,理论最大产气量极显著高于其余3种粗料(P<0.01),且以精粗比为45: 55和50: 50时较高;底物粗料选用水稻秸秆时,甲烷(CH₄)产量分别比苜蓿、玉米秸秆和宽叶雀稗降低53.79%、24.30%和3.29%,且以精粗比为45: 55时最低。2)C3植物粗料的发酵液pH和氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度均极显著高于C4植物粗料(P<0.01);精粗比对发酵液pH和NH₃-N浓度均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。3)底物粗料选用水稻秸秆时,发酵液乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均极显著高于玉米秸秆和宽叶雀稗(P<0.01),而与苜蓿没有显著差异(P>0.05);精粗比为50: 50时水稻秸秆和玉米秸秆发酵液乙酸/丙酸均显著高于精粗比为40: 60(P<0.05),而与精粗比为45: 55时没有显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各底物体外干物质和中性洗涤纤维降解率均以选用水稻秸秆为底物粗料时最低,分别比苜蓿、玉米秸秆、宽叶雀稗低18.84%、4.37%、3.84%和11.12%、17.78%、15.56%。结果提示,以苜蓿为粗料,精粗比为50: 50的底物瘤胃体外发酵降解率最高,CH₄产量也最高;以水稻秸秆为粗料时,精粗比为45: 55的底物瘤胃体外发酵降解率最低,CH₄产量也最低。

关键词： C3植物; C4植物; 精粗比; 体外发酵; 山羊

本文引用格式

陈安 , 吴建平 , 周传社 , 谭支良 . C3和C4植物粗料及底物精粗比对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(1) : 112 -123 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.015

Abstract

This experiment was designed to study the effects of C3 and C4 plants of roughage and concentrate to roughage ratio (C: R) of substrate on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of goats. The study was conducted in a completely randomized block design of experiment, different sources of C3 (rice straw and alfalfa) and C4 plants (maize stover and broadleaf paspalum) were selected as roughages, and three C: Rs (40: 60, 45: 55 and 50: 50) were set for each fermentation substrates, respectively. By employing the method of in vitro ruminal fermentation (48 hours), gas production parameters, fermentation characteristic parameters and nutrient degradability were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) using alfalfa as roughage of substrate, theological maximum gas production was significantly higher than the other three roughages (P<0.01), and it was higher when C: Rs were 45: 55 and 50: 50; using rice straw as roughage of substrate, methane production was decreased by 53.79%, 24.30% and 3.29%, respectively, compared with alfalfa, maize stover and broadleaf paspalum, and it was lowest when C: R was 45: 55. 2) The pH and NH₃-N concentration of fermentation fluid of C3 plants (rice straw and alfalfa) was significantly higher than those of C4 plants (maize stover and broadleaf paspalum) (P<0.01), but C: R did not significantly affect those two indices (P>0.05). 3) Using rice straw as roughage of substrate, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid was significantly higher than those of maize stover and broadleaf paspalum (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences between rice straw and alfalfa (P>0.05); acetic acid/propionic acid of rice straw and maize stover for C: R at 50: 50 was significantly higher than that at 40: 60 (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between C: Rs of 50: 50 and 45: 55 (P>0.05). 4) in vitro dry matter degradability and in vitro neutral detergent fiber degradability of substrates were the lowest when using rice straw as roughage, and were decreased by 18.84%, 4.37% and 3.84%, and 11.12%, 17.78% and 15.56%, respectively, compared with those of alfalfa, maize stover and broadleaf paspalum. It is concluded that when alfalfa is selected as roughage and C: R is 50: 50, the in vitro ruminal degradability and methane production are both the highest. However, when rice straw is selected as roughage and C: R is 45: 55, the in vitro ruminal degradability and methane production are both the lowest.

Key words： C3 plant; C4 plant; concentrate to roughage ratio; in vitro fermentation; goat

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