本研究旨在探讨饲粮料型、营养水平对快大型白羽肉鸡腺胃发育的影响,评价饲粮因素与腺胃发育及其与腺胃炎发生的联系。选用体重45 g左右的1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡公雏960只,随机分为4组,每组设8个重复,每个重复30只鸡。4组肉鸡分别饲喂正常营养水平颗粒料、正常营养水平粉料、低营养水平粉料、低营养水平颗粒料饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期21 d。结果表明,营养水平对腺胃发育无显著影响(P>0.05),料型对腺胃发育有显著的影响(P<0.05);颗粒料能明显的提高平均日增重(P<0.05),但可导致腺胃发育异常,引发炎性反应;饲喂粉料的肉鸡平均日增重显著低于颗粒料(P<0.05),腺胃发育正常,腺胃炎性浸润明显低于颗粒料;对各组试验鸡进行腺胃传染性支气管炎病毒检测,未检测到鸡传染性支气管炎病毒;对各组腺胃进行病理学观察,发现饲喂粉料肉鸡腺胃发育正常,而饲喂颗粒料肉鸡腺胃炎性浸润,腺胃乳头结构异常。综上所述,饲喂粉料有助于腺胃的正常发育,而喂食颗粒料则可使腺胃明显增大,发生炎性浸润;营养水平对腺胃发育无明显的影响;腺胃炎的发生并非一定由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒引起。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of feed form and nutrient level on development of proventriculus of fast large white feather broilers, and evaluate their relationship with proventriculus development and proventriculitis occurrence. A total of 960 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 8 replicates per group, and 30 chicks per replicate. Broilers in 4 groups were fed normal nutrient level+pellet diet, normal nutrient level+mash diet, low nutrient level+mash diet and low nutrient level+pellet diet, respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 14 days and the experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed that nutrient level had no significant effect on the development of proventriculus (P>0.05) and feed form had significant effect on the development of proventriculus (P<0.05). Pelleted diet significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.05), as well induced the dysplasia and inflammatory of proventriculus. Broilers fed mash diet had significantly lower ADG than that of pelleted diet (P<0.05), but had better proventriculus development and less inflammatory. No infectious bronchitis virus was detected in each group. Pathematology results showed that development of proventriculus of broilers fed with mash diet was normal, while inflammatory of proventriculus was found of broilers fed with pelleted diet, also the structure of proventriculus papillae was abnormal. In conclusion, mash diet has better effect on the development of proventriculus, while pelleted diet may causes the augmentation and inflammatory of proventriculus. Nutrient level has no significant effect on the development of proventriculus. In addition, proventriculitis occurrence not must be caused by infectious bronchitis virus.