皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性

周涛; 杨钦兰; 张统雨; 周振明; 任丽萍; 孟庆翔; 白元生

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.039

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 1: 320 - 326

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.039

研究简报 Short Communications

皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性

周涛 ,
杨钦兰 ,
张统雨 ,
周振明 ,
任丽萍 ,
孟庆翔 ,
白元生

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1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
2. 山西省生态畜牧产业管理站, 太原 030002

收稿日期: 2014-07-01

网络出版日期: 2015-01-10

基金资助

国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-38);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2013QJ071)

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Chemical Composition, Energetic Values and Ruminal Degradation Characteristics of Different Portions of Cornstalks Derived from Skin-Pith Separation

ZHOU Tao ,
YANG Qinlan ,
ZHANG Tongyu ,
ZHOU Zhenming ,
REN Liping ,
MENG Qingxiang ,
BAI Yuansheng

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1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Shanxi Ecological Animal Husbandry Station, Taiyuan 030002, China

Received date: 2014-07-01

Online published: 2015-01-10

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摘要

本试验采用化学分析、模型预测和尼龙袋技术分析了皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性。采用单因子完全随机化试验设计,模拟玉米秸茎皮作为建筑业新材料的秸秆分离工艺,将玉米秸人工分离为茎叶、苞叶、芯轴、茎皮和茎髓5个部分,以整株玉米秸作为对照。结果表明:1)皮瓤分离玉米秸各部分中,茎叶占全株比例最高(31.02%),茎皮(29.39%)次之,随后为芯轴(18.93%)、苞叶(10.87%)和茎髓(9.69%)。2)玉米秸各部分间化学成分含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,可溶性糖和淀粉含量以茎髓(10.7%和0.67%)为最高;全株玉米秸的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量分别0.85%、5.2%和4.8%,这3种成分在茎皮中的含量很低,仅为0.62%、2.9%和2.8%;茎皮酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质占粗蛋白质的比例远高于苞叶、茎叶、茎髓和芯轴,说明茎皮中蛋白质被瘤胃微生物利用的程度很低;玉米秸分离后各部分的纤维组分含量分布很不均匀,其中茎皮和芯轴的酸性洗涤纤维和酸洗木质素含量高于苞叶、茎髓、茎叶,表明茎皮和芯轴的营养价值低于茎髓、茎叶和苞叶。3)虽然玉米秸各部分中茎皮和芯轴的总能高于茎髓、苞叶和茎叶,但茎皮中消化能、代谢能、维持净能、泌乳净能和育肥净能几项可利用能量最低,苞叶最高,茎叶、茎髓和芯轴居中。4)玉米秸各部分干物质、有机物的瘤胃降解参数均有显著差异(P<0.05),其中茎皮和芯轴的干物质、有机物潜在降解部分及有效降解率显著低于茎叶、苞叶和茎髓(P<0.05),茎皮的NDF有效降解率显著低于茎叶、苞叶、茎髓和芯轴(P<0.05),表明苞叶、茎髓和茎叶的营养价值较高,而茎皮和芯轴的营养价值较低。结论:皮瓤分离玉米秸各部分的营养价值存在显著差异,其中茎皮营养价值最低,其余部分营养价值从高到低的顺序为苞叶>茎髓>茎叶>芯轴。

关键词： 皮瓤分离; 玉米秸; 反刍动物; 化学成分; 能量价值; 瘤胃降解特性

本文引用格式

周涛 , 杨钦兰 , 张统雨 , 周振明 , 任丽萍 , 孟庆翔 , 白元生 . 皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(1) : 320 -326 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.039

Abstract

This study was conducted to using chemical analysis, model prediction and in situ nylon bag methods to compare chemical composition, energetic values and ruminal degradation characteristics of different portions of cornstalks derived from an industry skin-pith separation process in a completely randomized single-factorial design. Through simulation of the industry skins-pith separation process using stem-skins as industry plank materials, the cornstalks were manually separated into five portions: leaves, husks, cob, stem-pith and stem-skins, and the whole-plant cornstalk was used as control. The results showed as follows: 1) among different portions of cornstalk, leaves accounted for the highest proportion (31.02%), followed by stem-skins (29.39%), cob (18.93%), husks (10.87%) and stem-pith (9.69%) in whole-plant. 2) There were significant differences in chemical composition among different portions of cornstalks (P<0.05), stem-pith had the highest contents of soluble sugar (10.7%) and starch (0.67%). Although the contents of ether extract, crude protein and ash were 0.85%, 5.2% and 4.8% in whole-plant cornstalks, respectively, the contents of these three nutrients were very low in stem-skins (0.62%, 2.9% and 0.28%, respectively); the proportion of acid detergent insoluble crude protein to crude protein in stem-skins was the highest, indicating the lowest utilization by ruminal microorganisms; fibrous components of cornstalks were not well distributed in different portions, of which acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin were higher in stem-skins and cob than husks, stem-pith and leaves, indicating lower nutritive values of stem-skins and cob than husks, stem-pith and leaves. 3) Although stem-skins and cob had higher contents of gross energy than stem-pith, husks and leaves, the available energy values such as digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and net energy for maintenance, lactation and fattening were the lowest in stem-skins and the highest in husks with medium values for leaves, stem-pith and cob. 4) There were significant differences in the ruminal degradation parameters of dry matter and organic matter (P<0.05); potentially degraded part and effective degradability of dry matter and organic matter were significantly lower for stem-skins and cob than leaves, husks and stem-pith (P<0.05), indicating higher nutritive values of leaves, husks and stem-pith, and lower nutritive values of stem-skins and cob. In conclusion, different portions of cornstalks obtained from the industry skin-pith separation process showed significant differences of nutritive values with lowest values for stem-skins and decreased at an order of husks>stem-pith>leaves>cob.

Key words： skin-pith separation; cornstalks; ruminants; chemical composition; energetic value; ruminal degradation characteristics

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