本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能和肠道组织结构的影响.选择初始均重为(49.44±0.38) g的鲤鱼720尾,随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复80尾鱼.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂豆粕含量为39%的基础饲料;Ⅱ和Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂用发酵豆粕替代基础饲料中50%和100%豆粕的试验饲料.试验期为75 d.结果表明:1)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的特定生长率和饲料系数均无显著影响(P>0.05),但在50%替代水平下鲤鱼的蛋白质效率显著提高(P<0.05).2)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的肥满度和内脏比无显著影响(P>0.05),但可使肝胰脏指数显著升高(P<0.05).3)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的肠长指数和中肠皱襞高度无显著影响(P>0.05),但在100%替代水平下鲤鱼的后肠皱襞高度显著升高(P<0.05).4)电镜观察发现,豆粕组(Ⅰ组)鲤鱼的中肠和后肠均出现了轻微的病理性损伤,包括中肠出现少量上皮细胞脱落,固有层和黏膜下层中细胞成分增多,后肠上皮细胞纹状缘融合,杯状细胞减少;发酵豆粕组(Ⅲ组)的肠道组织结构比较正常.由此得出,发酵豆粕替代豆粕后对鲤鱼的生长性能没有明显的促进作用,但有利于保证肠道组织结构的正常.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soybean meal replacement by fermented soybean meal on growth performance and intestinal tissue structure of carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 720 common carp with an average body weight of (49.44±0.38) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 80 fish per replicate. Fish in the control group (group Ⅰ) were fed a basal diet (containing 39% soybean meal), and those in the groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the experimental diets in which 50% and 100% soybean meal were replaced by fermented soybean meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 75 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary 50% or 100% soybean meal replacement by fermented soybean meal did not significantly affect the specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of carp (P>0.05), however, the protein efficientcy rate in the group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the group Ⅰ (P<0.05). 2) Dietary 50% or 100% soybean meal replacement by fermented soybean meal did not significantly affect the condition factor and viserosomatic index, but can significantly increase the hepatosomatic index (P<0.05). 3) Dietary 50% or 100% soybean meal replacement by fermented soybean meal did not significantly affect the intestinal length index and fold height of midgut, but the fold height of hindgut was significantly improved under the 100% replacement level (P<0.05). 4) Electron microscope observation found that fish fed soybean meal diet (group Ⅰ) exhibited a slight pathological disruption of midgut and hindgut including exfoliation of epithelial cells and components increase of cells in lamina propria and mucous layer in midgut, as well as fusion of striated border and an decreased number of goblet cells in hindgut, however, fish fed fermented soybean meal diet (group Ⅲ) exhibited a normal intestinal structure. It is concluded that dietary soybean meal replacement by fermented soybean meal has no significant enhancement effects on growth performance of common carp, but that is advantageous to guarantee the integrity of intestinal structure.