代乳品能量和蛋白质水平对肉犊牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

郭峰, 屠焰, 邹彩霞, 郭群, 苗忠, 刁其玉

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 6: 1681 - 1689

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

反刍动物营养 Ruminant Nutrition

代乳品能量和蛋白质水平对肉犊牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

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1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
2. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
3. 中国农业科学院广西水牛研究所, 南宁 530001;
4. 山东省曹县畜牧局, 曹县 274400

郭峰(1985—),男,河南周口人,硕士,从事反刍动物生理营养研究。E-mail: 261721760@qq.com

收稿日期: 2014-12-26

网络出版日期: 2015-06-17

基金资助

农业部公益性行业专项"南方地区幼龄草食畜禽饲养技术研究"(201303143)

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Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Beef Calves

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1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumq 830052, China;
3. Guangxi Buffaloes Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China;
4. Shandong Caoxian County Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Caoxian 274400, China

Received date: 2014-12-26

Online published: 2015-06-17

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摘要

本试验旨在筛选夏南牛与德国黄牛杂交肉犊牛适宜能量和蛋白质水平的代乳品。选取夏南牛与德国黄牛杂交新生犊牛40头,按日龄和体重相近的原则随机分为4组,每组10头犊牛,21日龄断母乳并饲喂4种不同能量和蛋白质水平的代乳品,分别为高能量高蛋白质组(HEHP组,消化能16 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质25%)、高能量低蛋白质组(HELP组,消化能16 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质22%)、低能量高蛋白质组(LEHP组,消化能14 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质25%)、低能量低蛋白质组(LELP组,消化能14 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质22%)。90日龄断代乳品,试验结束。结果发现:1)代乳品能量和蛋白质水平对犊牛(21~90日龄)的日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),HEHP组(524.12 g)显著高于LELP组(432.48 g)(P<0.05);2)代乳品能量和蛋白质水平对体尺的影响主要体现在胸围的发育,77和90日龄LELP组胸围显著小于HEHP组(P<0.05);3)各组瘤胃液pH,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸含量和乙酸/丙酸未出现显著性差异(P>0.05),氨态氮浓度LEHP组显著高于LELP组和HELP组(P<0.05),HELP组和LEHP组异丁酸含量显著高于LELP组(P<0.05),LELP组异戊酸含量显著小于其他各组(P<0.05)。综合得出,高能量水平(消化能16 MJ/kg)代乳品有助于肉用犊牛生长性能发挥和瘤胃发酵,高蛋白质水平(粗蛋白质25%)代乳品能为犊牛提供充足蛋白质供其吸收利用,低能量低蛋白质水平(粗蛋白质22%,消化能14 MJ/kg)的代乳品不利于犊牛生长发育。

关键词： 犊牛培育; 营养水平; 代乳品; 生长性能; 瘤胃发酵; 华南地区

本文引用格式

郭峰, 屠焰, 邹彩霞, 郭群, 苗忠, 刁其玉 . 代乳品能量和蛋白质水平对肉犊牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(6) : 1681 -1689 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine appropriate energy and protein levels of milk replacer (MR) for German yellow×Xianan beef calves. Forty neonatal German yellow×Xianan calves were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups (10 calves per group) according to body weight, and calves received milk replacer with different energy and protein levels, which were 16 MJ/kg digestive energy (DE) and 25% crude protein (CP) (HEHP group), 16 MJ/kg DE and 22% CP (HELP group), 14 MJ/kg DE and 25% CP (LEHP group), and 14 MJ/kg DE and 22% CP (LELP group), respectively. Calves were weaned off milk at 21 days of age and milk replacer was fed to calves till 90 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) energy and protein levels of milk replacer significantly affected daily gain of calves (21 to 90 days of age, P<0.05), and HEHP group (524.12 g) was significantly higher compared with LELP group (432.48 g) (P<0.05); 2) main effects of energy and protein levels of milk replacer of body measurements was on heart girth development, and HEHP group at 77 and 90 days of age was significantly higher than LELP group (P<0.05); 3) there were no significant differences in rumen fluid pH, the contents of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate, and acetate/propionate (P>0.05), ammonia nitrogen concentration in LEHP group was significantly higher than that in LELP and HELP groups (P<0.05), the content of isobutyrate in HELP and LEHP groups was significantly higher than that in LELP group (P<0.05), and the content of isovalerate in LELP group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). To sum up, the high-energy (16 MJ/kg DE) milk replacer seems to be more beneficial for the growth performance and rumen fermentation of calves, high-protein (25% CP) milk replacer can provide enough protein to calves, and low-energy and low-protein levels (22% CP, 14 MJ/kg DE) of milk replacer can not meet the demand of calves.

Key words： calves breeding; nutritional level; milk replacer; growth performance; rumen fermentation; South China

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