水料比作为偏热环境肉鸡热舒适评价指标的研究

甄龙, 张少帅, 石玉祥, 冯京海, 张敏红

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.011

动物营养学报 >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 6: 1750 - 1758

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.011

实验方法 Experimental Methods

水料比作为偏热环境肉鸡热舒适评价指标的研究

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1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;
2. 河北工程大学农学院, 邯郸 056021

甄龙(1988—),男,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,畜牧学专业。E-mail: zl15188833639@163.com

收稿日期: 2015-01-29

网络出版日期: 2015-06-17

基金资助

国家科技支撑计划课题"畜禽健康养殖环境控制关键技术研究与集成"(2012BAD39B02);中国农业科学院科技创新团队项目(ASTIP-IAS07)

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Water/Feed: a Thermal Comfort Evaluation Index for Broilers at Moderate Temperatures

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1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
2. College of Agriculture HeBei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China

Received date: 2015-01-29

Online published: 2015-06-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究持续不同温度(21、26和31 ℃)处理对肉鸡生长性能、生理指标、采食量和饮水量及相关血清激素含量的影响,探讨水料比(W/F)能否作为肉鸡热舒适评价的指标。试验选取144只22日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡转入环境控制舱,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡(公母各4只)。适应期7 d,温度21 ℃,相对湿度60%。29日龄时,试验温度分别调整到21、26和31 ℃,相对湿度60%。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)随着环境温度升高,肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著降低(P<0.01),料重比(F/G)极显著升高(P<0.01),其中21和26 ℃组肉鸡F/G无显著差异(P>0.05);肉鸡平均日饮水量(ADWC)无显著差异(P>0.05),但随着环境温度升高全期W/F、水重比(W/G)极显著升高(P<0.01)。2)随着环境温度升高,肉鸡体核温度、呼吸频率极显著升高(P<0.01);相比21 ℃,31 ℃组肉鸡血清瘦素(LEP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),抗利尿激素(ADH)含量显著降低(P<0.05);26 ℃组与21、31 ℃组肉鸡血清LEP、ADH含量无显著差异(P>0.05);各组肉鸡血清胆囊收缩素(CCK)、醛固酮(ALD)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验第1天、前3 d、前7 d及全期14 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡ADG、ADFI呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);第1天、前3 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡F/G呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),前7 d、全期14 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡F/G呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。4)肉鸡每日W/F与环境温度、肉鸡体核温度、呼吸频率呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。综上,本试验条件下,肉鸡W/F反映出不同温度下肉鸡的冷热程度,可作为偏热环境下肉鸡热舒适评价的指标。

关键词： 水料比; 偏热环境; 肉鸡; 热舒适评价

本文引用格式

甄龙, 张少帅, 石玉祥, 冯京海, 张敏红 . 水料比作为偏热环境肉鸡热舒适评价指标的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2015 , 27(6) : 1750 -1758 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.011

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of three different constant temperatures (21, 26 and 31 ℃) on the growth performance, physiological reactions, feed intake, water consumption and serum hormonal indices of broilers, in order to investigate the water/food (W/F) as a new thermal comfort evaluation index for broilers. One hundred and forty four 22-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were assigned to environment chambers, the broilers were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate (with four males and four females). The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and broilers were kept at 21 ℃ and 60% relative humidity. When broilers were 29-day-old, the temperatures of each environmental chamber were gradually regulated to 21, 26 and 31 ℃, respectively, while maintaining the relative humidity at 60% and both kept constant until the end of the experiment. The trial period lasted for 14 days. The results showed as follows: 1) with temperature increasing, the three groups showed significant depression in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and significant increase in feed/gain (F/G) (P<0.01), but no significant difference in F/G was found between 21 and 26 ℃ groups (P>0.05). The average daily water consumption (ADWC) was not significantly affected by different constant ambient temperatures (P>0.05), but with significant difference in total W/F and water/gain (W/G) with temperature increasing (P<0.01). 2) With temperature increasing, the three groups showed significant increase in rectal temperatures and respiratory frequency (P<0.01); serum leptin (LEP) content in 31 ℃ group was significantly higher and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) content was significantly lower than that in 21 ℃ group (P<0.05), and no significant difference of serum LEP and ADH contents in 26 ℃ group than that in 21 and 31 ℃ groups (P>0.05); with no significant difference in serum cholecystokinin (CCK) and aidosterone (ALD) contents in all groups (P>0.05). 3) The W/F of the first day, the first three days, the first week and the total period had significant negative correlations with the ADG and ADFI of broilers through 14 days (P<0.01); the W/F of the first day and the first three days had significant positive correlations with the F/G of broilers (P<0.01), with the W/F of the first week and the total period had significant positive correlation with the F/G of broilers (P<0.05). 4) The W/F of average day had significant correlations with the ambient temperatures, rectal temperatures and respiratory frequency at the same days (P<0.01). In conclusion, under the feeding conditions of this study, the results indicate that the W/F can accurately reflect the thermal comfort station of broiler at different temperatures, and it is a new thermal comfort evaluation index for broilers.

Key words： water/feed; moderate temperature; broiler; thermal comfort evaluation

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