本试验旨在通过研究饲粮蚕沙水平对扬州鹅仔鹅生长性能、肌肉品质、营养成分以及硫胺素、肌苷酸、氨基酸等风味物质含量的影响,探讨仔鹅饲粮中蚕沙的适宜添加水平。选取330只11日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅,随机分5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复11只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)分别饲喂添加3%、6%、9%、12%蚕沙的试验饲粮。试验期从仔鹅11日龄至70日龄。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组显著降低了仔鹅体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著提高了料重比(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加蚕沙显著降低了仔鹅胸肌肉色和腿肌剪切力(P<0.05),且均呈一次线性关系(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加蚕沙显著提高了仔鹅胸肌、腿肌水分的含量(P<0.05),显著降低了仔鹅胸肌、腿肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的含量(P<0.05)。Ⅳ组腿肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组胸肌和腿肌的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),水分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加蚕沙显著提高了仔鹅胸肌、腿肌硫胺素含量(P<0.05),对胸肌、腿肌中肌苷酸和氨基酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲粮添加适量蚕沙对仔鹅生长性能、肌肉品质、常规养分含量以及肌苷酸、氨基酸等风味物质含量没有不良影响,并具有改善肌肉嫩度,提高硫胺素含量的作用。在生产实践中仔鹅饲粮中蚕沙的添加水平不宜超过6%。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary silkworm excrement level on growth performance, meat quality, nutrient composition and favoring substances (thiamine, inosinic acid and amino acids) of Yangzhou geese, and to explore the dietary optimal silkworm excrement supplemental level for geese.A total of 330 eleven-day-old healthy male goslings with similar body weight were randomly distributed into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 11 goslings per replicate.The control group (group Ⅰ) was fed a basal diet, and experimental groups (groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ) were fed experimental diets supplemented with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% silkworm excrement, respectively.The experiment lasted from 11 days of age to 70 days of age.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the body weight and average daily gain of geese of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the feed/gain was significantly increased (P<0.05).2) Dietary supplemented with silkworm excrement significantly increased the breast muscle meat color and leg muscle shear force of geese (P<0.05), and there were significant linear correlations (P<0.05).3) Dietary supplemented with silkworm excrement significantly increased the content of moisture in breast muscle and leg muscle of geese (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the content of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) in breast muscle and leg muscle of geese (P<0.05).The content of CP and EE in leg muscle of group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05).The content of CP and EE in breast muscle and leg muscle of group Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), but the moisture content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).4) Dietary supplemented with silkworm excrement significantly increased the content of thiamine in breast muscle and leg muscle of geese (P<0.05), while the content of inosinic acid and amino acids were not significantly changed (P>0.05).In conclusion, it has no negative effects on growth performance, meat quality, nutrient composition and favoring substances (inosinic acid and amino acids) by dietary supplemented with silkworm excrement, while it may improve the tenderness of muscle and increase the contents of thiamine.So the dietary optimal silkworm excrement level is less than 6% in the production practice of geese.