本研究旨在了解我国西南地区肉禽配合饲料中霉菌毒素的污染分布规律。从西南地区(四川、重庆、贵州、广西和云南)不同规模饲料厂随机抽取100份肉禽(肉小鸭前期、肉仔鸡前期和肉仔鸡后期)配合饲料样品,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒初筛和高效液相色谱法复查测定样品中黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)、呕吐毒素(DON)和伏马毒素(FB)的含量。结果表明,肉禽配合饲料中AFB₁、DON、ZON和FB的检出率分别为89%、96%、85%和94.74%,AFB₁和ZON的超标率分别为18%和5%,而DON和FB无超标样品;不同地区的肉禽配合饲料中AFB₁、DON和ZON的平均含量之间存在差异,其中,肉禽配合饲料中AFB₁含量最高的是重庆(11.76μg/kg),DON含量最高的是四川(1.23 mg/kg),ZON含量最高的是云南(0.26 mg/kg);不同品种的肉禽配合饲料中AFB₁含量由高到底依次是肉小鸭前期、肉仔鸡后期和肉仔鸡前期配合饲料,DON和FB含量最高的是肉仔鸡前期配合饲料,而ZON含量最高的是肉仔鸡后期配合饲料,不同品种肉禽配合饲料中4种霉菌毒素含量均差异不显著(P>0.05);从不同规模饲料厂来看,大规模饲料厂(年产量>10万t)的饲料产品的污染水平比小规模饲料厂(年产量2万~5万t)低,但是不同规模饲料厂肉禽配合饲料中4种霉菌毒素的含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,我国西南地区肉禽配合饲料普遍受到AFB₁、DON、ZON和FB的污染,其中AFB₁的超标率较高,4种霉菌毒素在不同地区、不同品种和不同饲料厂规模的饲料产品中的含量之间存在差异。

This experiment was conducted to study on the mycotoxins contamination of meat-type poultry feeds in southwest area of China. A total of 100 feed samples from different area (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan) of southwest were obtained to determine the contents of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin (FB). To determine the contents of mycotoxins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used. The results showed as follows:the detection rates of AFB₁, DON, ZON and FB in meat-type poultry feeds were 89%, 96%, 85% and 94.74%, respectively. The over-limit ratios of AFB₁ and ZON were 18% and 5%, while DON and FB were not observed to exceed the limits. The average contents of AFB₁, DON and ZON in feed of different area were different, Chongqing had the highest average content of AFB₁ (11.76 μg/kg), Sichuan had the highest average content of DON (1.23 mg/kg), and Yunnan had the highest average content of ZON (0.26 mg/kg). The highest average content of AFB₁ was found in duckling starter feed, followed by broiler starter feed and broiler grower feed. The broiler starter feed had the highest average content of DON and FB. The average contents of these four mycotoxins had no difference in different feed type (P>0.05). The small-scale feed company (between 20 000 t and 50 000 t per year) had higher average content of AFB₁, DON and ZON than the big-scale feed company (more than 100 000 t per year), but there were no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, the mycotoxin (AFB₁, DON, ZON and FB) contamination problem is common in southwest of China, with the AFB₁ has the highest over-limit ratio. The contents of these four mycotoxins detected in the layers feed are influenced by different location, feed types and scales of the feed mills.