动物营养学报 >

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 2: 598 - 608

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.02.036

研究简报 Short Communications

围产前期饲粮粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦经产奶牛产后生产性能和血液指标的影响

  • 刘薇 ,
  • 李妍 ,
  • 高艳霞 ,
  • 李秋凤 ,
  • 曹玉凤 ,
  • 李建国
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  • 1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071001;
    2. 河北农业大学动物医学院, 保定 071001;
    3. 河北省牛羊胚胎工程技术研究中心, 保定 071001

收稿日期: 2015-10-21

  网络出版日期: 2016-02-19

基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项;农业公益性行业专项(200903006)

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Impact of Prepartal Dietary Crude Protein Level on Postpartal Production Performance and Blood Indexes of Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows

  • LIU Wei ,
  • LI Yan ,
  • GAO Yanxia ,
  • LI Qiufeng ,
  • CAO Yufeng ,
  • LI Jianguo
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
    2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
    3. Embryo Engineering and Technological Center of Cattle and Sheep of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China

Received date: 2015-10-21

  Online published: 2016-02-19

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摘要

本试验旨在研究围产前期饲粮粗蛋白质水平对产后奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标影响。选取预产期、胎次、体重相近,上一个泌乳期时长、产奶量相近的21头经产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组7头。在围产前期(产前21 d内)饲喂粗蛋白质水平分别为12.12%(A组)、13.07%(B组)、14.02%(C组),产奶净能均为5.50 MJ/kg的3种不同饲粮,研究其对奶牛产后1~30 d的生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:1)产后1~30 d,B组的干物质采食量分别比A、C组高5.41%、5.85%(P<0.05)。产后30 d,A、B和C组体重分别损失6.30%、5.03%、8.22%,C组体重损失最高。B组与其他2组相比,有增加产后产奶量的趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。产后2~10 d,B组的乳糖率比C组高4.31%(P<0.05)。围产前期B组的粗蛋白质表观消化率比A组高12.56%(P<0.05)。2)产后10、20、30 d,B组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量分别比C组高31.41%、29.47%、21.38%(P<0.05)。分娩当天,B组血清总蛋白(TP)含量比C组高12.98%(P<0.05)。产后30 d,B组血清白蛋白(ALB)、瘦素(LP)含量分别高于C组14.69%、5.97%(P<0.01)。产后20 d,B组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量均比A、C组低3.57%(P<0.05),血清胰岛素(Ins)含量分别比A、C组低7.26%、12.47%(P<0.01)。产后30 d,B组血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量比C组低4.94%(P<0.01)。综上,饲粮粗蛋白质水平13.07%为围产前期适宜饲粮粗蛋白质水平。

关键词： 围产期; 荷斯坦奶牛; 粗蛋白质水平; 血液指标; 生产性能

本文引用格式

刘薇 , 李妍 , 高艳霞 , 李秋凤 , 曹玉凤 , 李建国 . 围产前期饲粮粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦经产奶牛产后生产性能和血液指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016 , 28(2) : 598 -608 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.02.036

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of perpartal dietary protein level on postpartal production performance and blood indexes of multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, expected date of confinement, body weight, as well as similar persistence time and milk yield of the last lactation period were selected and randomly assigned into three groups with 7 cows in each group. Cows were fed diets with the same net energy for lactation level (5.50 MJ/kg), and three different crude protein levels[12.12% (group A), 13.07% (group B) and 14.02% (group C)] during prepartal period (in 21 days before parturition). The production performance and blood biochemical indexes during postpartal days 1 to 30 were investigated. The results showed as follows:1) on postpartal days 1 to 30, dry matter intake of group B were 5.41% and 5.85% higher than that in group A and C (P<0.01), respectively. On postpartal days 30, body weight lose of groups A, B and C were 6.30%, 5.03% and 8.22%, respectively, and group C was the highest. Group B compared the other two groups showed a trend of increasing postpartal milk production, however, there was no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). On postpartal days 2 to 10, lactose content of group B was 4.31% higher than that of group C (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein of group B during prepartal period was 12.56% higher than that of group A (P<0.05). 2) On postpartal days 10, 20 and 30 d, serum glucose content of group B was 31.41%, 29.47% and 21.38% higher than that of group C(P<0.05), respectively. On the day of delivery, serum total protein content of group B was 12.98% higher than that of group C (P<0.05). On postpartal days 30, the contents of albumin and leptin of group B were 14.69% and 5.97% higher than that of group C (P<0.01), respectively. On postpartal days 20, serum triglyceride content of group B was 3.57% lower than that of group A and group C (P<0.05), and serum insulin content of group B was 7.26% and 12.47% lower than that of group A and group C (P<0.01), respectively. On postpartal days 30, serum insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ content of group B was 4.94% lower than that of group C (P<0.01). The results indicate that prepartal dietary crude protein level of 13.07% was optimal for dairy cows.

Key words： postpartal period; Holstein cows; crude protein level; plasma index; production performance

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