本试验旨在研究嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用21日龄健康黄羽肉鸡公鸡180只，随机分成3组，分别为Ⅰ组（对照组）、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂含6%棉籽粕的基础饲粮，Ⅱ组饲喂含6%嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕的试验饲粮，Ⅲ组饲喂在含6%棉籽粕的基础饲粮中添加7×10⁴ CFU/g的嗜酸乳杆菌的试验饲粮。试验期分为2个阶段，21~42日龄和43~64日龄。结果表明：1）21~42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG）提高了8.61%（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）下降了7.69%（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组的ADG、平均日采食量（ADFI）和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了4.56%（P<0.05）。43~64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了12.32%（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组的ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了8.20%（P<0.05）。21~64日龄时，各组的ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率分别提高了2.99%、7.55%和12.33%（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组的屠宰性能指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率和半净膛率分别提高了3.43%和6.38%（P<0.05）。64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别提高了5.27%、8.92%和7.05%（P<0.05），半净膛率提高了6.84%（P<0.01）；Ⅲ组的屠宰性能指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率、半净膛率和胸肌率分别提高了4.08%、4.35%和5.16%（P<0.05）。3）42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量分别提高了10.06%和12.60%（P<0.05），血清尿素氮（UN）含量降低了46.76%（P<0.01）；Ⅲ组的血清生化指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的血清TP和ALB含量分别提高了9.58%和13.10%（P<0.05），血清UN含量降低了47.88%（P<0.01）。64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的血清钙（Ca）含量提高了11.74%（P<0.05），血清UN含量降低了37.40%（P<0.01）；Ⅲ组的血清生化指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的血清UN含量降低了40.58%（P<0.01）。由此可见，饲粮中添加发酵棉籽粕可改善黄羽肉鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能，增强黄羽肉鸡对蛋白质、脂肪和Ca等营养物质的消化吸收。

This study was conducted to examine the effects of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, slaughter performance and biochemical indexes in serum of yellow-feathered broilers. One hundred and eighty 21-day-old healthy male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The three groups were groups Ⅰ (control group), Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet included 6% cottonseed meal, and those in group Ⅱ were fed the experimental diet included 6% fermented cottonseed meal, the others in group Ⅲ were fed the basal diet included 6% cottonseed meal and 7.00×10⁴ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus. The experimental period included two phases of 21 to 42 days of age and 43 to 64 days of age. The results showed as follows:1) at 21 to 42 days of age, compared with the control group, average daily gain (ADG) of yellow-feathered broilers in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 8.61% (P<0.05) and the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 7.69% (P<0.05), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), ADG and F/G in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 4.56% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). At 43 to 64 days of age, compared with the control group, ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 12.32% (P<0.05), and ADFI, ADG and F/G in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 8.20% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). At 21 to 64 days of age, ADFI, ADG and F/G had no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05). 2) At 42 days of age, compared with the control group, dressing percentage, percentage of half-eviscerated yield and percentage of eviscerated yield of yellow-feathered broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 2.99%, 7.55% and 12.33% (P<0.05), respectively; and the slaughter performance indexes in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). The dressing percentage and percentage of half-eviscerated yield in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 3.43% and 6.38% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). At 64 days of age, compared with the control group, dressing percentage, percentage of breast muscle and percentage of leg muscle in groupⅡ were significantly increased by 5.27%, 8.92% and 7.05% (P<0.05), respectively, and percentage of half-eviscerated yield in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 6.84% (P<0.01); and the slaughter performance indexes in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). The dressing percentage, percentage of half-eviscerated yield and percentage of breast muscle in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 4.08%, 4.35% and 5.16% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). 3) At 42 days of age, compared with the control group, the contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in serum of yellow-feathered broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 10.06% and 12.60% (P<0.05), respectively, and the content of serum urea nitrogen (UN) in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 46.76% (P<0.01); and the biochemical indexes in serum in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). Compared with group Ⅲ, the contents of TP and ALB in serum in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 9.58% and 13.10% (P<0.05), respectively, and the content of UN in serum in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 47.88% (P<0.05). At 64 days of age, compared with the control group, the content of calcium (Ca) in serum in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 11.74% (P<0.05), and the content of UN in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 37.40% (P<0.01); and the biochemical indexes in serum in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). The content of UN in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 40.58% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.01). In conclusion, dietary fermented cottonseed meal can improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of yellow-feathered broilers, enhance digestion and absorption of nutrients such as protein, fat and Ca of yellow-feathered broilers.