动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 5: 1590 - 1599

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.05.018

饲料营养 Feed science and technology

低分子质量壳寡糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、盲肠微生物数量及脾脏白细胞介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达的影响

展开
  • 1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院, 泰安 271000;
    2. 泰山医学院, 泰安 271000
孟晓(1988-),男,山东滕州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:mengxxfresh@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-11-01

  网络出版日期: 2017-05-13

基金资助

动物营养国家重点实验室开放课题项目（2004DA125184F1008）

收起

Effects of Low Molecular Weight Chitooligosaccharides on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices, Cecal Microbial Number and Gene Expressions of Interleukin-2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Spleen of Laying Hens

Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China;
    2. Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an 271000, China

Received date: 2016-11-01

  Online published: 2017-05-13

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的低分子质量（1 000 u）壳寡糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、盲肠微生物数量以及脾脏白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）基因表达的影响。选取体重和产蛋率相近的58周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡600只，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300、600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖的试验饲粮。预试期为7 d，正试期为42 d。结果表明：1）添加300、600和900 mg/kg壳寡糖组的产蛋率分别比对照组提高了4.52%（P<0.05）、2.99%（P>0.05）和4.08%（P>0.05）。2）试验第3、6周末，添加600和900 mg/kg壳寡糖组的鸡蛋哈夫单位分别比对照组提高了6.87%、6.69%和6.47%、6.60%（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，饲粮添加600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖显著降低了血清葡萄糖、胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶活性（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比，饲粮添加600、900 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了盲肠双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量（P<0.05），显著降低了盲肠金黄色葡萄球菌的数量（P<0.05）。5）与对照组相比，饲粮添加300、600 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了脾脏IL-2 mRNA表达水平（P<0.05），饲粮添加600 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了脾脏TNF-α mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮中添加不同水平的壳寡糖，提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率和哈夫单位，调节了肠道微生物菌群，增强了蛋鸡的免疫力，适宜壳寡糖添加水平为600 mg/kg。

关键词： 蛋鸡; 壳寡糖; 生产性能; 肠道微生物菌群; 白细胞介素-2; 肿瘤坏死因子-&alpha

本文引用格式

孟晓, 王纪亭, 万文菊, 王红卫, 刘含亮, 孙敏敏 . 低分子质量壳寡糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、盲肠微生物数量及脾脏白细胞介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(5) : 1590 -1599 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.05.018

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplemented different levels low molecular weight (1 000 u) chitooligosaccharides (COS) on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indices, cecal microbial number and gene expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in spleen of laying hens. A total of 600 Hy-line brown laying hens (58 weeks of age) with the similar body weight and egg production rate were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 30 hens per replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg COS, respectively. The preliminary period lasted for 7 days and the formal period lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the supplementation of 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg COS group improved egg production rate by 4.52% (P<0.05), 2.99% (P>0.05) and 4.08% (P>0.05), respectively. 2) Compared with the control group, the supplementation of 600 and 900 mg/kg COS group improved Haugh units by 6.87%, 6.69% and 6.47%, 6.60% at third and sixth weeks end of the experiment (P<0.05), respectively. 3) Compared with the control group, dietary ssupplementation of 300 and 600 mg/kg COS significantly decreased the glucose, triglyceride contents and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity in serum (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of 600 and 900 mg/kg COS significantly increased the cecal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli number (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the cecal S. aureus. number (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of 300 and 600 mg/kg COS significantly increased the mRNA expression level of IL-2 in spleen (P<0.05), and dietary supplementation of 600 mg/kg COS significantly increased the mRNA expression level of TNF-α in spleen (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of different levels COS increase egg production rate and Haugh unit, modulate the cecal microbial community, boost the immune ability of laying hens. The recommended COS supplemental level is 600 mg/kg.

Key words： laying hens; chitooligosaccharides; egg production; intestinal microbial community; IL-2; TNF-α

参考文献

[1] ABU ELALA N M,RAGAA N M.Eubiotic effect of a dietary acidifier (potassium diformate) on the health status of cultured Oreochromis niloticus[J].Journal of Advanced Research,2015,6(4):621-629.  

[2] LEMIEUX F M,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D.Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2482-2487.  

[3] BIGGS P,PARSONS C M,FAHEY G C.The effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient digestibilities,and cecal microbial populations in young chicks[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(11):2327-2336.  

[4] SHAHIDI F,ARACHCHI J K V,JEON Y J.Food applications of chitin and chitosans[J].Trends in Food Science & Technology,1999,10(2):37-51.  

[5] YAMADA A,SHIBUYA N,KODAMA O,et al.Induction of phytoalexin formation in suspension-cultured rice cells by N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides[J].Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry,1993,57(3):405-409.  

[6] PENICHE-COVAS C,ALVAREZ L W,ARGÜELLES-MONAL W.The adsorption of mercuric ions by chitosan[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1992,46(7):1147-1150.  

[7] MOURYA V K,INAMDAR N N,CHOUDHARI Y M.Chitooligosaccharides:synthesis,characterization and applications[J].Polymer Science Series A,2011,53(7):583-612.  

[8] JEON Y J,SHAHIDI F,KIM S K.Preparation of chitin and chitosan oligomers and their applications in physiological functional foods[J].Food Reviews International,2000,16(2):159-176.  

[9] PANGESTUTI R,BAK S S,KIM S K.Attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia by chitooligosaccharides via the MAPK signaling pathway[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2011,49(4):599-606.  

[10] MEI Y X,CHEN H X,ZHANG J,et al.Protective effect of chitooligosaccharides against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2013,62:330-335.

[11] LI X J,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,and serum composition in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(6):1107-1114.  

[12] ROZEBOOM D W,SHAW D T,TEMPELMAN R J,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and an antimicrobial product in nursery diets on performance of pigs reared on three different farms[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(11):2637-2644.  

[13] YAN L,LEE J H,MENG Q W,et al.Evaluation of dietary supplementation of delta-aminolevulinic acid and chito-oligosaccharide on production performance,egg quality and hematological characteristics in laying hens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2010,23(8):1028-1033.  

[14] NORTH M O.Breeder management[M]//NORTH M O.Commercial chicken production manual.Westport,Connecticut:The Avi. Publishing Company Inc.,1984:240-243,298-321.

[15] LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-△△CT method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.  

[16] HIGUCHI M,HIGASHI N,TAKI H,et al.Cytolytic mechanisms of activated macrophages.Tumor necrosis factor and L-arginine-dependent mechanisms act synergistically as the major cytolytic mechanisms of activated macrophages[J].The Journal of Immunology,1990,144(4):1425-1431.

[17] MENG Q W,YAN L,AO X,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on egg production,nutrient digestibility,egg quality and blood profiles in laying hens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2010,23(11):1476-1481.  

[18] CHEN Y J,KIM I H,CHO J H,et al.Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weanling pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,124(1/2/3):255-260.

[19] STANLEY V G,SEFTON A E.Egg and serum cholesterol as influenced by mannan oligosaccharide and aflatoxin[M]//SIM J S,NAKAI S,GUENTER W.Egg nutrition and biotechnology.Wallingford:CABI Publishing,1999:441-443.

[20] WILLIAMS K C.Some factors affecting albumen quality with particular reference to Haugh unit score[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,1992,48(1):5-16.  

[21] EISEN E J,BOHREN B B,MCKEAN H E.The Haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality[J].Poultry Science,1962,41(5):1461-1468.  

[22] SUGANO M,WATANABE S,KISHI A,et al.Hypocholesterolemic action of chitosans with different viscosity in rats[J].Lipids,1988,23(3):187-191.  

[23] KANAUCHI O,DEUCHI K,IMASATO Y,et al.Mechanism for the inhibition of fat digestion by chitosan and for the synergistic effect of ascorbate[J].Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry,1995,59(5):786-790.  

[24] TANAKA Y,TANIOKA S I,TANAKA M,et al.Effects of chitin and chitosan particles on BALB/c mice by oral and parenteral administration[J].Biomaterials,1997,18(8):591-595.  

[25] REMUÑÁN-LÓPEZ C,PORTERO A,VILA-JATO J L,et al.Design and evaluation of chitosan/ethylcellulose mucoadhesive bilayered devices for buccal drug delivery[J].Journal of Controlled Release,1998,55(2/3):143-152.

[26] GIBSON G R,ROBERFROID M B.Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota:introducing the concept of prebiotics[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1995,125(6):1401-1412.

[27] LIU P,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in weaning pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2609-2618.  

[28] NO H K,PARK N Y,LEE S H,et al.Antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2002,74(1/2):65-72.

[29] CHAE S Y,JANG M K,NAH J W.Influence of molecular weight on oral absorption of water soluble chitosans[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2005,102(2):383-394.  

[30] LIU H,DU Y M,WANG X H,et al.Chitosan kills bacteria through cell membrane damage[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2004,95(2):147-155.  

[31] LAMBRECHT B,GONZE M,MORALES D,et al.Comparison of biological activities of natural and recombinant chicken interferon-gamma[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,1999,70(3/4):257-267.

[32] MALEK T R,BAYER A L.Tolerance,not immunity,crucially depends on IL-2[J].Nature Reviews Immunology,2004,4(9):665-674.  

[33] MUZZARELLI R A A.Chitin[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1977.

[34] QIN C Q,DU Y M,XIAO L,et al.Enzymic preparation of water-soluble chitosan and their antitumor activity[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2002,31(1/2/3):111-117.

[35] MAEDA Y,KIMURA Y.Antitumor effects of various low-molecular-weight chitosans are due to increased natural killer activity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in sarcoma 180-bearing mice[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2004,134(4):945-950.

[36] DENG X Z,LI X J,LIU P,et al.Effect of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on immunity in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2008,21(11):1651-1658.  

[37] WALSH A M,SWEENEY T,BAHAR B,et al.The effect of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,selected microbial populations,volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune gene expression in the weaned pig[J].Animal,2012,6(10):1620-1626.  
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2