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饲料牛磺酸水平对不同生长阶段斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响

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  • 集美大学水产学院, 厦门市饲料检测与安全评价重点实验室, 厦门 361021
王学习(1992-),男,河南鹿邑人,硕士研究生,水产养殖专业。E-mail:1508498684@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-11-15

  网络出版日期: 2017-05-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31372546);福建省科技重大专项(2016NZ0001-3)

Effects of Dietary Taurine Level on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) at Different Growth Periods

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  • Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China

Received date: 2016-11-15

  Online published: 2017-05-13

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲料牛磺酸水平对不同生长阶段斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响。以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白质源,配制牛磺酸水平分别为0(D1)、0.5%(D2)、1.0%(D3)和1.5%(D4)的试验饲料。将初始体重为(13.85±0.25)g斜带石斑鱼幼鱼随机分为4组,每组4个水族箱(体积为120 L),每箱放养25尾。试验鱼每天投喂饲料2次至表观饱食,养殖周期84 d,分别在饲喂的第28、56和84天称重、取样。试验第1~28天为第1个生长阶段,第29~56天为第2个生长阶段,第57~84天为第3个生长阶段。结果表明:在每个生长阶段下,牛磺酸添加组(D2、D3和D4组)试验鱼的增重率、特定生长率、摄食率和饲料效率均显著高于未添加牛磺酸组(D1组)(P<0.05),且D3组试验鱼的增重率显著高于其他牛磺酸添加组(第3个生长阶段的D4组除外)(P<0.05)。在同一饲料牛磺酸水平下,第1个生长阶段试验鱼的增重率、特定生长率、摄食率和饲料效率均显著高于第2个和第3个生长阶段(P<0.05)。在饲喂至第28、56和84天时,各牛磺酸添加组试验鱼的肝体比和脏体比均显著低于未添加牛磺酸组(P<0.05),肥满度则与未添加牛磺酸组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在同一饲料牛磺酸水平下,饲喂至第56和84天时的肝体比和脏体比均显著低于饲喂至第28天时(P<0.05)。饲喂至第84天时,各牛磺酸添加组鱼体的粗蛋白质含量显著高于而粗脂肪含量显著低于未添加牛磺酸组(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,饲料中维持一定水平的牛磺酸有利于斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长,饲料牛磺酸不足或过多均不利于其生长。饲料中添加牛磺酸降低斜带石斑鱼幼鱼体脂沉积而增加体蛋白质沉积。以增重率为评价指标,通过回归分析得到3个生长阶段斜带石斑鱼幼鱼饲料的适宜牛磺酸水平分别为1.20%(第1个生长阶段)、1.08%(第2个生长阶段)、1.00%(第3个生长阶段)。斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对牛磺酸的需要量随鱼龄的增长而下降。

本文引用格式

王学习, 周铭文, 黄岩, 王琨, 叶继丹 . 饲料牛磺酸水平对不同生长阶段斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(5) : 1810 -1820 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.05.042

Abstract

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary taurine level on growth performance and body composition of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides) at different growth periods. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (D1), 0.5% (D2), 1.0% (D3) and 1.5% (D4) taurine based on casein and gelatin as protein sources. Juvenile grouper with the initial body weight of (13.85±0.25) g were allocated to 4 groups and each group had 4 aquariums (the volume of 120 L) at a stock density of 25 fish per aquarium. The fish were fed to satiation twice daily over a 84-day feeding period, which was divided into three sub-periods: day 1 to 28 (the 1st growth period), day 29 to 56 (the 2nd growth period) and day 57 to 84 (the 3rd growth period). Fish were weighted and sampled on day 28, 56 and 84, respectively. The results showed as follows: the weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding rate (FR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish in taurine groups (D2, D3 and D4 groups) were significantly higher than those of fish in non-taurine group (D1 group) at each growth period (P<0.05), and the fish in D3 group had significantly higher WGR compared with other groups expect D4 group at the 3rd growth period (P<0.05). Moreover, the WGR, SGR, FR and FE of fish at the 1st growth period were significantly higher than those of fish at the 2nd and 3rd growth periods at the same dietary taurine level (P<0.05). When feeding on day 28, 56 and 84, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) of fish in taurine groups were significantly lower than those of fish in non-taurine group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in condition factor (CF) compared with non-taurine group (P>0.05). However, significantly lower HSI and VSI of fish were observed on day 56 and 84 compared with on day 28 at the same dietary taurine level (P<0.05). The whole-body crude protein content was significantly higher, but crude lipid content was significantly lower of fish fed taurine-containing diets than those of fish fed non-taurine diet on day 84 (P<0.05). The above results indicate that appropriate dietary taurine level will be beneficial to the growth of juvenile grouper, and excess or deficient taurine supplementation will have the opposite effect. Addition of taurine in diets can reduce the lipid deposition but elevate protein deposition of juvenile grouper body at the same time. The appropriate dietary levels calculated base on WGR as the evaluation index at three growth periods are 1.20% (the 1st growth period), 1. 08% (the 2nd growth period) and 1.00% (the 3rd growth period), respectively, and this result indicates that the requirement of taurine will decline with fish age.

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