动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 6: 1884 - 1894

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.009

猪营养 Swine Nutrition

饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

展开
  • 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
罗燕红(1990-),女,四川眉山人,硕士研究生,从事营养与肉品质研究。E-mail:xt19910312@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-14

  网络出版日期: 2017-06-07

基金资助

国家973计划项目（2012CB124700）；国家自然科学基金项目（31272452）

收起

Effects of Dietary Isoleucine Level on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs

Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2016-12-14

  Online published: 2017-06-07

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取体重为（77.0±0.1） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪72头，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复4头猪。3组试验猪分别饲喂含0.25%（低异亮氨酸水平，表现为异亮氨酸缺乏，L-Ile组）、0.39%（NRC推荐异亮氨酸水平，N-Ile组，作为对照组）和0.53%（高异亮氨酸水平，表现为异亮氨酸超量添加，H-Ile组）标准回肠可消化异亮氨酸的饲粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明:饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量没有显著影响（P>0.05），但L-Ile组料重比较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）；随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加，肥育猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量线性提高（P<0.05），而剪切力线性下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积和肉色评分显著降低（P<0.05），采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的热胴体重、屠宰率以及背最长肌滴水损失和黄度值均显著降低（P<0.05）；随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加，血清甘油三酯含量线性提高（P<0.05），血清尿素氮含量线性下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，采食异亮氨酸超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的血清葡萄糖含量显著增加（P<0.05），采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的血清中游离的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的浓度显著降低（P<0.05），而采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。由此得出，饲粮中异亮氨酸缺乏对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量有负面影响，而超量添加异亮氨酸会显著改善肌肉的剪切力和滴水损失，增加肌内脂肪含量，但会以降低热胴体重、屠宰率为代价。

关键词： 异亮氨酸; 生长性能; 胴体性状; 肉品质; 血清生理生化指标; 血清游离氨基酸

本文引用格式

罗燕红, 张鑫, 覃春富, 焦宁, 尹靖东 . 饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(6) : 1884 -1894 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.009

Abstract

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary isoleucine level on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. Seventy-two Duroc×Landrace×Large White barrows with the body weight of (77.0±0.1) kg were assigned into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and each replicate had 4 barrows. The barrows in the three groups were fed diets contained 0.25% (low isoleucine level which showed isoleucine deficiency; L-Ile group), 0.39% (NRC recommended level of isoleucine; N-Ile group, as control group) and 0.53% (high isoleucine level which showed isoleucine excess; H-Ile) standardized ileal digestible isoleucine, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that dietary isoleucine level had no effects on average daily gain and average daily feed intake of finishing pigs (P>0.05), but the feed/gain of finishing pigs in L-Ile group was significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05). As the isoleucine level increasing, the content of intramuscular fat in longissimus dorsi was linear improved (P<0.05), while the shear force was linear decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the back-fat depth, loin eye area and flesh color score of finishing pigs fed isoleucine deficient diet were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and drip loss and yellowness value of longissimus dorsi of finishing pigs fed isoleucine deficient or excess diets were significantly reduced (P<0.05). As dietary isoleucine level increasing, serum triglyceride content was linear increased (P<0.05), while serum urea nitrogen content was linear decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum glucose content of finishing pigs fed isoleucine excess diet was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the concentrations of serum free essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids of finishing pigs fed isoleucine excess diet were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the contents of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein of finishing pigs fed isoleucine deficient or excess diets were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The results indicate that isoleucine deficient diet has a negative effect on growth performance, carcass traits and intramuscular fat content of finishing pigs, but isoleucine excess diet can significantly reduce the shear force and drip loss of muscle and increase the intramuscular fat content of finishing pigs, even at the cost of reducing hot carcass weight and dressing percentage.

Key words： isoleucine; growth performance; carcass traits; meat quality; serum physiological and biochemical indexes; serum free amino acids

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016:12-14.

[2] 尹靖东,李德发.猪肉质形成的分子机制与营养调控[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):2979-2985.

[3] 刘春生,张大鹏,刘文宽,等.支链氨基酸及其在泌乳母猪营养中的研究现状[J].饲料工业,2006,27(1):25-26.

[4] DUAN Y H,DUAN Y M,LI F N,et al.Effects of supplementation with branched-chain amino acids to low-protein diets on expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs[J].Amino Acids,2016,48(9):2131-2144.  

[5] GOICHON A,CHAN P,LECLEIRE S,et al.An enteral leucine supply modulates human duodenal mucosal proteome and decreases the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation[J].Journal of Proteomics,2013,78:535-544.

[6] ARAKAWA M,MASAKI T,NISHIMURA J,et al.The effects of branched-chain amino acid granules on the accumulation of tissue triglycerides and uncoupling proteins in diet-induced obese mice[J].Endocrine Journal,2011,58(3):161-170.  

[7] FU S X,KENDALL D C,FENT R W,et al.True ileal digestible (TID) isoleucine:lysine ratio of late-finishing barrows fed corn-blood cell or corn-amino acid diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,82:67.

[8] DEAN D W,SOUTHERN L L,KERR B J,et al.Isoleucine requirement of 80- to 120-kilogram barrows fed corn-soybean meal or corn-blood cell diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(11):2543-2553.  

[9] KENDALL D C,KERR B J,FENT R W,et al.Determination of the true ileal digestible isoleucine requirement for 90 kg barrows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(Suppl.2):67.

[10] 郑春田.低蛋白质日粮补充异亮氨酸对猪蛋白质周转代谢和免疫机能的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2000:92-104.

[11] WILTAFSKY M K,BARTELT J,RELANDEAU C,et al.Estimation of the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for eight- to twenty-five-kilogram pigs in diets containing spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten feed as a protein source[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(8):2554-2564.  

[12] KENDALL D C.Opportunities and limitations for low-protein diet formulation in swine[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Columbia:University of Missouri-Columbia,2004.

[13] FIGUEROA J L,LEWIS A J,MILLER P S,et al.Growth,carcass traits,and plasma amino acid concentrations of gilts fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids including histidine,isoleucine,and valine[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(6):1529-1537.  

[14] FERNANDEZ X,MONIN G,TALMANT A,et al.Influence of intramuscular fat content on the quality of pig meat-1.Composition of the lipid fraction and sensory characteristics of m.longissimus lumborum[J].Meat Science,1999,53(1):59-65.  

[15] FONT-I-FURNOLS M,TOUS N,ESTEVE-GARCIA E,et al.Do all the consumers accept marbling in the same way? The relationship between eating and visual acceptability of pork with different intramuscular fat content[J].Meat Science,2012,91(4):448-453.  

[16] KHLIJI S,VAN DE VEN R,LAMB T A,et al.Relationship between consumer ranking of lamb colour and objective measures of colour[J].Meat Science,2010,85(2):224-229.  

[17] HUFF-LONERGAN E,LONERGAN S M.Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat:the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes[J].Meat Science,2005,71(1):194-204.  

[18] SAVAGE A W J,WARRISS P D,JOLLEY P D.The amount and composition of the proteins in drip from stored pig meat[J].Meat Science,1990,27(4):289-303.  

[19] PEARCE K L,ROSENVOLD K,ANDERSEN H J,et al.Water distribution and mobility in meat during the conversion of muscle to meat and ageing and the impacts on fresh meat quality attributes-A review[J].Meat Science,2011,89(2):111-124.  

[20] COMA J,ZIMMERMAN D R,CARRION D.Relationship of rate of lean tissue growth and other factors to concentration of urea in plasma of pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(12):3649-3656.  

[21] 计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.

[22] SINK J D,WILSON L L,MCCARTHY R D,et al.Interrelationships between serum lipids,energy intake,milk-production,growth and body characteristics in Angus-Holstein cows and their progeny[J].Journal of Animal Science,1973,36(2):313-317.  

[23] ANDERSON J W,KONZ E C.Obesity and disease management:effects of weight loss on comorbid conditions[J].Obesity Research,2001,94(Suppl.11):326S-334S.

[24] ADIBI S A,MERCER D W.Protein digestion in human intestine as reflected in luminal,mucosal,and plasma amino-acid concentrations after meals[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,1973,52(7):1586-1594.  

[25] YEN J T,KERR B J,EASTER R A,et al.Difference in rates of net portal absorption between crystalline and protein-bound lysine and threonine in growing pigs fed once daily[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(4):1079-1090.  

[26] LANGER S,FULLER M F.Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs:effects on nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2000,83(1):43-48.

[27] WILTAFSKY M K,PFAFFL M W,ROTH F X.The effects of branched-chain amino acid interactions on growth performance,blood metabolites,enzyme kinetics and transcriptomics in weaned pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2010,103(7):964-976.  

[28] GATNAU R,ZIMMERMAN D R,NISSEN S L,et al.Effects of excess dietary leucine and leucine catabolites on growth and immune-responses in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(1):159-165.  

[29] CERVANTES-RAMÍREZ M,MÉNDEZ-TRUJILLO V,ARAIZA-PIÑA B A,et al.Supplemental leucine and isoleucine affect expression of cationic amino acid transporters and myosin,serum concentration of amino acids,and growth performance of pigs[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2013,12(1):115-126.  
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2