动物营养学报 >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 6: 1930 - 1939

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.014

反刍动物营养 Ruminant nutrition

不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响

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  • 1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    2. 北京市畜牧总站, 北京 100110;
    3. 北京农学院, 北京 102206
马俊南(1990-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养。E-mail:manan014@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-05

  网络出版日期: 2017-06-07

基金资助

奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队；国家科技支撑计划课题“华北农区及北方大城市奶牛健康养殖生产技术集成及产业化示范”（2012BAD12B06）

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Effects of Different Feed Patterns of Solid and Liquid Feed Ratios on Nutrient Metabolism and Rumen Fermentation of Pre- and Post-Weaning Calves

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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Beijing, Beijing 100110, China;
    3. Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China

Received date: 2016-12-05

  Online published: 2017-06-07

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摘要

本试验旨在研究断奶前后犊牛在不同固液比例饲喂模式下营养物质代谢及其瘤胃发酵的异同，从而探索基于不同饲喂模式下的犊牛断奶方式。试验选用7日龄荷斯坦公犊牛36头，随机分成3组，每组12头，各组采用相同原料组成、相同营养成分的代乳粉和颗粒料。在总干物质饲喂量保持一致的情况下，改变固液饲料饲喂比例，形成3种饲喂模式组:高液体饲料比例（HL）组，28~56日龄内，颗粒料:代乳粉保持在1:2，56日龄断奶；对照（LS）组28~56日龄内，颗粒料:代乳粉从1:2逐步降低到1:1，56日龄断奶；高固体饲料比例（HS）组，28~42日龄内，颗粒料:代乳粉从1:2逐步降低至1:0，并于42日龄断奶。试验期77 d。分别于犊牛28、42、56和84日龄采集瘤胃液，35和63日龄进行断奶前后消化代谢试验。结果表明:断奶前，与HS组相比，HL、LS组犊牛总能代谢率相对较高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；断奶后，HS组消化能代谢率、氮利用率及氮的生物学价值较HL组显著提高（P<0.05）。与HL组相比，HS组84日龄瘤胃液微生物蛋白含量显著提高（P<0.05）。3组间瘤胃液氨态氮浓度无显著差异（P>0.05）。84日龄时，HS组犊牛瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸比例显著高于HL组（P<0.05），各组间丙酸、戊酸比例无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上可得，适量增加固体饲料饲喂比例有助于改善断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵环境，促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成，提高断奶后犊牛饲粮能量代谢率、氮的生物学价值及氮利用率；采用高固体饲料饲喂模式，犊牛在42日龄固体饲料采食量达到1.0 kg/d时实施断奶具有一定优势。

关键词： 犊牛; 固液饲料比例; 微生物蛋白; 营养物质代谢; 瘤胃发酵

本文引用格式

马俊南, 刁其玉, 齐志国, 周凯迪, 杨春涛, 毕研亮, 屠焰 . 不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017 , 29(6) : 1930 -1939 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.014

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to search for a new way to wean for calves through evaluating the effects of different feeding patterns (solid and liquid feed ratios) on nutrient metabolism and rumen fermentation of pre- and post-weaning calves. Thirty-six Holstein bull calves aged 7 days were used and assigned to one of the three groups with 12 calves each. The nutritional ingredients in solid and liquid feeds in groups were the same. Three feeding patterns were set with similar total dry matter intake and verifying solid and liquid feed ratios. High liquid feed ratio (HL) group:solid and liquid feed ratio was kept at 1:2 during 28 to 56 days of age, and calves were weaned at 56 days of age. Control (LS) group:solid and liquid feed ratio varied from 1:2 to 1:1 during 28 to 56 days of age, and calves were weaned at 56 days of age. High solid feed ratio (HS) group:solid and liquid feed ratio varied from 1:2 to 1:0 during 28 to 42 days of age, and calves were weaned at 42 days of age. The trial lasted for 77 days. Rumen fluid was collected at 28, 42, 56 and 84 days of age, digestion and metabolism trials were conducted at 35 and 63 days of age, respectively. The results showed as follows:compared with HS group, metabolizability of GE of pre-weaning calves in HL and LS groups were higher, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05); compared with HL group, metabolizability of digestive energy, nitrogen utilization and energy and nitrogen biological value of post-weaning calves in HS group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with HL group, microbial protein content in rumen fluid of calves at 84 days of age in HS group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was not impacted by groups (P>0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration and butyrate proportion in rumen fluid of calves at 84 days of age in HS group were significantly higher than those in HL group (P<0.05), and propionate and pentanoate proportions were not significantly affected (P>0.05). In conclusion, the increase of solid feed at proper ratio can help to improve rumen fermentation, increase microbial protein synthesis, and increase metabolizability of energy, nitrogen biological value and nitrogen utilization for post-weaning calves; under high solid feed feeding pattern, there is some advantages to wean at 42 days of age when solid feed intake reached 1.0 kg/d.

Key words： calf; solid and liquid feed ratio; microbial protein; nutrient metabolism; rumen fermentation

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